Abstract
This design-led research investigates the development of a file-to-fabrication framework for mortar-free robotic assembly of masonry walls. In particular, we describe, test and evaluate an algorithmic method enabling the robotic assembly of custom-made, complex, interlocking brick structures which don’t require the use of mortar or adhesives but their stability relies only on their geometric properties. We evaluate the process by conducting three design experiments. Our findings highlight the advantages and challenges of the proposed framework focusing on the relationship between the geometry of the individual bricks and the overall structure as well as the tolerances related to the interlocking mechanism.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Fiala J, Mikolas M, Junior JF, Krejsova K (2019) History and evolution of full bricks of other European countries. In: IOP conference series: materials science and engineering, vol 603, no 3. IOP Publishing, p 032097
Potter B (2021) Bricks and the industrial revolution. In: Construction physics. Retrieved from https://constructionphysics.substack.com/p/bricks-and-the-industrial-revolution. Accessed in July 2022
Potter B (2021) Where are the robotic bricklayers? In: Construction physics. Retrieved from https://constructionphysics.substack.com/p/where-are-the-robotic-bricklayers. Accessed in July 2022
Slocum A, Schena B (1988) Blockbot: a robot to automate construction of cement block walls. Rob Auton Syst 4(2):111–129. ISSN 0921-8890. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8890(88)90020-6
Kintingu SH (2009) Design of interlocking bricks for enhanced wall construction, flexibility, alignment accuracy and load bearing. Ph. D., thesis, University of Warwick
Retrieved from https://www.grasshopper3d.com/. Accessed in July 2022
Rihani RA, Bernold LE (1996) Methods of control for robotic brick masonry. Autom Constr 4(4):281–292
Gramzio F, Kohler M (2008) Retrieved from https://www.dezeen.com/2009/09/16/pike-loop-by-gramazio-kohler/. Accessed in July 2022
Gramazio F, Kohler M (2010) Retrieved from https://gramaziokohler.arch.ethz.ch/web/e/lehre/175.html. Accessed in July 2022
Helm V, Ercan S, Gramazio F, Kohler M (2012) Mobile robotic fabrication on construction sites: DimRob. In: 2012 IEEE/RSJ International conference on intelligent robots and systems. IEEE, pp 4335–4341
Oliveira R, Sousa JP (2016) Building traditions with digital research-reviewing the brick architecture of raúl hestnes ferreira through robotic fabrication
Willmann J, Augugliaro F, Cadalbert T, D’Andrea R, Gramazio F, Kohler M (2012) Aerial robotic construction towards a new field of architectural research. Int J Archit Comput 10(3):439–459
Fingrut A, Crolla K, Lau D (2019) Automation complexity-brick by brick. In: CAADRIA, Wellington, pp 93–102. https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.093
Retrieved from https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/python/scripting. Accessed in July 2022
Ariza I, Gazit M (2015) On-site robotic assembly of double-curved self-supporting structures. In: SiGraDI, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil pp 746–753
Parascho S, Han IX, Walker S, Beghini A, Bruun EP, Adriaenssens S (2020) Robotic vault: a cooperative robotic assembly method for brick vault construction. Constr Robot 4(3):117–126
Rossi A, Tessmann O (2017) Collaborative assembly of digital materials. In: ACADIA, Cambridge, MA, pp 512–521. https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2017.512
Retrieved from https://www.food4rhino.com/en/app/wasp. Accessed in July 2022
Duballet R, Baverel O, Durrenberger J (2019) Space truss masonry walls with robotic mortar extrusion. Struct 18:41–47. ISSN 2352-0124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2018.11.003
Retrieved from https://www.food4rhino.com/en/app/physxgh. Accessed in July 2022
Retrieved from https://www.food4rhino.com/en/app/robots. Accessed in July 2022
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our gratitude and acknowledgement to Afshana Ali, Zefeng Zhuang and Chang Zhang for executing design experiment one, Jinbi Jiang and Tianyang Li for executing design experiment two and Pattanan Inharwararak, Aman Mahmood Khan and Dengwei Tao for executing design experiment three. Finally, our warm thanks go to the entire team of the Creative Workshop of the Liverpool School of Architecture without whose efforts and support this research would not have been possible.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Agkathidis, A., Song, Y., Zhao, J. (2023). Rethinking the Brick: Developing a File to Fabrication Framework for Mortar-Free, Robotic Masonry Wall Assembly. In: Kyratsis, P., Manavis, A., Davim, J.P. (eds) Computational Design and Digital Manufacturing. Management and Industrial Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21167-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21167-6_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-21166-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-21167-6
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)