Abstract
Bone is the third most common site for metastasis in cancer. Bone metastasis occurs in most tumor types but is most prevalent in cancers of the breast, prostate, and lungs. The incidence of bone metastasis in prostate cancer is 65–90%, in breast cancer 65–75%, and in lung cancer 17–64%, and it is less frequent in thyroid, renal, and colorectal (10%) cancers. The prevalence of bone metastasis is estimated to be approximately 280,000 new cases per year in the USA and is expected to increase as medical management and surgery improve overall survival.
Patients with bone metastasis may experience skeletal complications including bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord or nerve root compression, and hypercalcemia requiring orthopedic surgery and/or adjuvant treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
The decision for surgical and/or medical treatments depends on the prognosis and expected survival for the cancer patients with bone metastasis.
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Further Reading
Raubenheimer EJ. Pathogenesis of bone metastasis. A review. J Oral Pathol Med. 2006;35(3):129–35.
Iuliani M, Simonetti S, Ribelli G, Napolitano A, Longo UG, Vincenzi B, Orsaria P, Denaro V, Tonini G, Santini D, Francesco P. Biological effects of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors ribociclib, palbociclib and abemaciclib on breast cancer bone microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(5):2477.
Salvatore G, Berton A, Giambini H, Ciuffreda M, Florio P, Longo UG, Denaro V, Thoreson A, An KN. Biomechanical effects of metastasis in the osteoporotic lumbar spine: A Finite Element Analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018;19(1):38.
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Mavrogenis, A.F., Antoniadou, T., Dimopoulos, L., Filippiadis, D., Kelekis, A. (2023). Metastasis. In: Longo, U.G., Denaro, V. (eds) Textbook of Musculoskeletal Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20987-1_26
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20987-1_26
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