Abstract
A bioclimatic eco-renovation project can be implemented in every cell of the city, both in the existing buildings and in the new ones. Reducing the demand for energy can result in the creation of zero-energy houses. Implementing a bioclimatic eco-renovation project is a courageous and innovative initiative. The heat exchange through the building envelope should be controlled since in the early stage of design. The passive design strategies depend on the orientation of the different areas of the building, considering also the glazing areas, the use of different shading devices, the thermal trap zone, thermal masses, ventilation strategies, etc. Greenhouses as one of the basis systems of passive strategies, are designed to conduct desired air to other spaces via direct opening adding special materials for conduction. Greenhouses are constructed to connect inner spaces as a heat transferor. They have the character of a transitional space, located between the indoor and outdoor environment. During the winter their inner temperature is higher as a consequence of the thermal trap meanwhile during summer such structures must be ventilated. Thermal mass is generally applied to the floor or masonry. The use of shading devices is also important during summer in order to reduce the penetration of solar radiation into the building as well as planting vegetation. The applied green houses in Tirana case study are sized according to the international normative, considering also the climate characteristics of the zone. The implementation of the solar chimneys (another passive system) is necessary in order to subtract the fresh air form the anti-bombing underground tunnels, bringing it to the customers (residents). The benefits of such strategy are enormous. The combination of them with the anti-bombing tunnels located in the selected neighborhood in Tirana is crucial, in order to subtract the cool air from the underground due to temperature and air pressure differences. The aim is to include the existing buildings within the comfort zone without the use of mechanical systems. There are also undermined temperature measurements of the underground and ground surface, very close to the zone during winter and summer, in order to better clarify the temperature differences between the areas. It is found that the temperatures of the underground area are relatively constant compared to the ground surface. Photovoltaics panels implemented in the project can convert sunlight into electricity and are considered as solar systems. According to the electricity demand of the inhabitants, specific calculations using Canadian RETScreen expert application in order to fulfill their electricity requirements for one of the buildings located in the neighborhood are undermined. It is observed that the implementation of the PV panels will reduce the GHG emission compared to the base case and also the gross annual GHG will be reduced too. The recycling of the rain water and wastewater is considered too, using reed bed strategy and fertilizing bathing tubes. The solar tube is another technology applied in all the dwellings, which turned to have a very good performance, saving a lot of electrical energy. A specific and unique proposal is designed in order to fulfill graphically the proposed ideas in combination with a software simulation application, MEEC (Montenegrin Energy Efficiency Certification) which is finally used as a tool of better understanding the thermal performance of the considered building as part of the neighborhood. Two scenarios are involved in order to draw conclusions and enhance the building thermal performance category. It is revealed that the added greenhouses involved in the second scenario contribute massively improving the thermal performance of the building.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alam MR, Zain MFM, Kaish ABMA, Jamil M (2013) Underground soil and thermal conductivity materials-based heat reduction for energy-efficient building in tropical environment
Bejtullahu F, Bakija D, Bejtullahu A (2022) Use of passive design features and simulation modeling to improve Energy performance and reduce environmental impacts of buildings in Kosovo. In: Proceeding—3 international conference on business, technology and innovation–ASPCE
Calderaro V, Hyde R (2008) Bioclimatic housing, innovative designs for warm climates. Earthscan UK, USA. ISBN: 978-1-84407-284-2
Correia Guedes M, Lopes L, Marques B (2019) Bioclimatic project: general guidelines; Chapter 3–Bioclimatic Architecture in warm climates, A guide for best practices in Africa. Springer, Berlin. ISBN 978-3-030-12035-1 ISBN 978-3-030-12036-8 (eBook). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12036-8
Erhorn H (1988) Influence of meteorological conditions on inhabitants’ behavior in dwellings with mechanical ventilation. Energy Build 11(1988):267–275
Eryıldız S (1999) Ecological architecture and use of natural sources in eco-village Model–Hocamkoy Project, XX. UIA Congress. Beijing, p 50
Eryõldõz S, Irklõ Eryõldõz D (2000) Econovation in existing urban tissue ecological renovation of social housing unit in Ankara. In: Sayigh AAM (ed) World Renewable Energy Congress,-IV, Renewables. The Energy for the 21-Century, vol 1. Brington, UK, pp 553–556
Hyde R (2008) Bioclimatic housing, innovative designs for warm climates. Earthscan UK, USA. ISBN: 978-1-84407-284-2
Iwashita G, Akasaka H (2008) The effects of human behavior on natural ventilation rate and indoor air environment in summer—a field study on southern Japan. Energy Build 25(1997):195–205
Kurylyk BL, MacQuarrie KTB, Caissie D, McKenzie JM (2015) (2015) Shallow groundwater thermal sensitivity to climate change and land cover disturbances: derivation of analytical expressions and implications for stream temperature modeling. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 19:2469–2489. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2469-2015
Mazria E (1979) The passive solar energy book. A complete guide to passive solar home, green house and building design
Mukhtar A, Yusoff MZ, Ng KC (2019) The potential influence of building optimization and passive design strategies on natural ventilation systems in underground buildings: the state of the art
Acknowledgement
Table 9.1 Reproduced from “Bioclimatic housing, Innovative designs for warm climates” by Klodjan Xhexhi, with permission from “R.Hyde”
Figure 9.6 Reproduced from “The potential influence of building optimization and passive design strategies on natural ventilation systems in underground buildings: The state of the art” by Klodjan Xhexhi, with permission from “A.Mukhtar”
Figure 9.7 Reproduced from “Shallow groundwater thermal sensitivity to climate change and land cover disturbances: derivation of analytical expressions and implications for stream temperature modeling” by Klodjan Xhexhi, with permission from “B. L. Kurylyk”
Figure 9.8 Reproduced from “https://solatube.su/2018/09/11/polye-trubchatye-svetovody-v-hramovom-stroitelstve/” by Klodjan Xhexhi, with permission from “Yuriy Selyanin”
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Xhexhi, K. (2023). Bioclimatic Eco-Renovation. Case Study Tirana, Albania. In: Ecovillages and Ecocities. The Urban Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20959-8_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20959-8_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-20958-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-20959-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)