Abstract
Cellular polarization involves significant remodeling and decentralization of the nucleus-associated centrosome to focal points at the apical and basolateral surfaces which is associated with major remodeling of the microtubule system in which individual microtubules become nucleated and organized from the polarizing cell surfaces, as studied in polarizing epithelial cells (reviewed in Müsch 2004; Muroyama and Lechler 2017). These changes are associated with cellular asymmetry in preparation for cellular differentiation of previously non-committed cells. During this process, the previously nucleus-associated centrosome becomes deconstructed into specific centrosomal components which are now referred to as “non-centrosomal.” At the present time we still only have limited information about this process and to understanding the mechanisms underlying the centrosome decentralization process. Gaining detailed insights is further complicated by the fact that there is considerable diversity in the molecular mechanisms of centrosome and microtubule reorganization.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Akhmanova A, Hoogenraad CC (2015) Microtubule minus-endtargeting proteins. Curr Biol 25:R162–R171
Akhmanova A, Steinmetz MO (2008) Tracking the ends: a dynamic protein network controls the fate of microtubule tips. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:309–322
Baines AJ, Bignone PA, King MDA, Maggs AM, Bennett PM, Pinder JC, Phillips GW (2009) The CKK domain (DUF1781) binds microtubules and defines the CAMSAP/ssp4 family of animal proteins. Mol Biol Evol 26:2005–2014
Del Castillo U, Winding M, Lu W, Gelfand VI (2015) Interplay between kinesin-1 and cortical dynein during axonal outgrowth and microtubule organization in Drosophila neurons. eLife 4:e10140
Goldspink DA, Rookyard C, Tyrrell BJ, Gadsby J, Perkins J, Lund EK, Galjart N, Thomas P, Wileman T, Mogensen MM (2017) Ninein is essential for apico-basal microtubule formation and CLIP-170 facilitates its redeployment to non-centrosomal microtubule organizing centres. Open Biol
Goodwin SS, Vale RD (2010) Patronin regulates the microtubule network by protecting microtubule minus ends. Cell 143:263–274
He Y, Francis F, Myers KA, Yu W, Black MM, Baas PW (2005) Role of cytoplasmic dynein in the axonal transport of microtubules and neurofilaments. J Cell Biol 168:697–703
Kadavath H, Hofele RV, Biernat J, Kumar S, Tepper K, Urlaub H, Mandelkow E, Zweckstetter M (2015) Tau stabilizes microtubules by binding at the interface between tubulin heterodimers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:7501–7506
Meng W, Mushika Y, Ichii T, Takeichi M (2008) Anchorage of microtubule minus ends to adherens junctions regulates epithelial cellcell contacts. Cell 135:948–959
Mogensen MM (2004) Microtubule organizing centers in polarized epithelial cells. In: Nigg E (ed) Centrosomes in development and disease. Wiley, Weinheim, pp 299–319
Muroyama A, Lechler T (2017) Microtubule organization, dynamics and functions in differentiated cells. Development 144:3012–3021. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.153171
Muroyama A, Seldin L, Lechler T (2016) Divergent regulation of functionally distinct gamma-tubulin complexes during differentiation. J Cell Biol 213:679–692
Müsch A (2004) Microtubule organization and function in epithelial cells. Traffic 5:1–9
Pimenta-Marques A, Bento I, Lopes CA, Duarte P, Jana SC, Bettencourt-Dias M (2016) A mechanism for the elimination of the female gamete centrosome in Drosophila melanogaster. Science 353:aaf4866
Roll-Mecak A, McNally FJ (2010) Microtubule-severing enzymes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:96–103
Schatten H, Sun Q-Y (2012) Chap. 4. Nuclear-centrosome relationships during fertilization, cell division, embryo development, and in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. In: Schatten H (ed) The centrosome. Springer Science and Business Media, LLC, Berlin
Schatten H, Sun QY (2014) Posttranslationally modified tubulins and other cytoskeletal proteins: Their role in gametogenesis, oocyte maturation, fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development. In: Sutovsky P (ed) Posttranslational protein modifications in the reproductive system. Springer, New York
Schatten H, Sun QY (2017) Cytoskeletal functions, defects, and dysfunctions affecting human fertilization and embryo development. In: Schatten H (ed) Human reproduction: updates and new horizons. Wiley, Hoboken
Schatten H, Sun QY (2018) Functions and dysfunctions of the mammalian centrosome in health, disorders, disease, and aging. Histochem Cell Biol 150:303–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-018-1698-1
Sen GL, Reuter JA, Webster DE, Zhu L, Khavari PA (2010) DNMT1 maintains progenitor function in self-renewing somatic tissue. Nature 463:563–567
Son Y, Brady ST (2015) Post-translational modifications of tubulin: pathways to functional diversity of microtubules. Trends Cell Biol 25:125–136
Valenstein ML, Roll-Mecak A (2016) Graded control of microtubule severing by tubulin glutamylation. Cell 164:911–921
Yang R, Feldman JL (2015) SPD-2/CEP192 and CDK are limiting for microtubule-organizing center function at the centrosome. Curr Biol 25:1924–1931
Zhang X, Chen MH, Wu X, Kodani A, Fan J, Doan R, Ozawa M, Ma J, Yoshida N, Reiter JF et al (2016) Cell-type-specific alternative splicing governs cell fate in the developing cerebral cortex. Cell 166(1147–1162):e1115
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The author declares that she has no conflict of interest. This chapter does not contain any studies with animals performed by the author.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schatten, H. (2022). Transitions from Centrosomal to Non-centrosomal Microtubule Organization During Cellular Polarization. In: The Centrosome and its Functions and Dysfunctions. Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology, vol 235. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20848-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20848-5_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-20847-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-20848-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)