Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

International Workshop on Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, Norms, and Ethics for Governance of Multi-Agent Systems

COINE 2022: Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, Norms, and Ethics for Governance of Multi-Agent Systems XV pp 54–72Cite as

Embracing AWKWARD! Real-Time Adjustment of Reactive Plans Using Social Norms

  • 182 Accesses

Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNAI,volume 13549)

Abstract

This paper presents the AWKWARD architecture for the development of hybrid agents in Multi-Agent Systems. AWKWARD agents can have their plans re-configured in real time to align with social role requirements under changing environmental and social circumstances. The proposed hybrid architecture makes use of Behaviour Oriented Design (BOD) to develop agents with reactive planning and of the well-established OperA framework to provide organisational, social, and interaction definitions in order to validate and adjust agents’ behaviours. Together, OperA and BOD can achieve real-time adjustment of agent plans for evolving social roles, while providing the additional benefit of transparency into the interactions that drive this behavioural change in individual agents. We present this architecture to motivate the bridging between traditional symbolic- and behaviour-based AI communities, where such combined solutions can help MAS researchers in their pursuit of building stronger, more robust intelligent agent teams. We use DOTA2—a game where success is heavily dependent on social interactions—as a medium to demonstrate a sample implementation of our proposed hybrid architecture.

Keywords

  • Reactive planning
  • Normative agents
  • Hybrid systems
  • Multi-agent systems
  • Games AI

A. Antoniades—Independent scholar.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Available at: https://developer.valvesoftware.com/wiki/Dota_Bot_Scripting.

References

  1. Agre, P., Chapman, D.: Pengi: an implementation of a theory of activity. In: Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Aldewereld, H., Dignum, V.: OperettA: organization-oriented development environment. In: Dastani, M., El Fallah Seghrouchni, A., Hübner, J., Leite, J. (eds.) LADS 2010. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 6822, pp. 1–18. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22723-3_1

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  3. Aldewereld, H., Dignum, V., Jonker, C.M., van Riemsdijk, M.B.: Agreeing on role adoption in open organisations. KI-Künstliche Intelligenz 26(1), 37–45 (2012)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  4. Alechina, N., Dastani, M., Logan, B.: Programming norm-aware agents. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, vol. 2, pp. 1057–1064 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Amir, E., Maynard-Reid, P.: Logic-based subsumption architecture. In: Artificial Intelligence (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Amir, E., Maynard-Zhang, P.: LiSA: a robot driven by logical subsumption (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Berner, C., et al.: DOTA2 with large scale deep reinforcement learning. arXiv preprint:1912.06680 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Broersen, J., Dastani, M., Hulstijn, J., van der Torre, L.: Goal generation in the BOID architecture. Cogn. Sci. Q. 2, 428–447 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Brom, C., Gemrot, J., Michal, B., Ondrej, B., Partington, S.J., Bryson, J.J.: Posh tools for game agent development by students and non-programmers. In: IEEE 9th Computer Games Conference (CGames 2006) (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Brooks, R.: A robust layered control system for a mobile robot. IEEE J. Robot. Autom. 2(1), 14–23 (1986)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  11. Brooks, R.A.: Intelligence without representation. Artif. Intell. 47, 139–159 (1991)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  12. Bryson, J.J.: Action selection and individuation in agent based modelling. In: Sallach, D.L., Macal, C. (eds.) Proceedings of Agent 2003: Challenges in Social Simulation, pp. 317–330. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bryson, J.J., Ando, Y., Lehmann, H.: Agent-based modelling as scientific method: a case study analysing primate social behaviour. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 362, 1685–1699 (2007)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  14. Bryson, J.J., Theodorou, A.: How society can maintain human-centric artificial intelligence. In: Toivonen-Noro, M., Saari, E., Melkas, H., Hasu, M. (eds.) Human-Centered Digitalization and Services. Springer, Singapore (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7725-9_16

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  15. Bryson, J.J.: Intelligence by design: principles of modularity and coordination for engineering complex adaptive agents. Ph.D. thesis, MIT (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Castelfranchi, C., Dignum, F., Jonker, C.M., Treur, J.: Deliberative normative agents: Principles and architecture. In: International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Dennett, D.C.: The age of post-intelligent design. In: The Age of Artificial Intelligence: An Exploration (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Dignum, F.: Agents for Games and Simulations II: Trends in Techniques, Concepts and Design. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18181-8

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  19. Dignum, V.: A model for organizational interaction: based on agents, founded in logic. Ph.D. thesis, SIKS (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Dignum, V., Dignum, F.: Agents are dead. Long live agents! In: 19th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS) (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Gaudl, S., Davies, S., Bryson, J.J.: Behaviour oriented design for real-time-strategy games: an approach on iterative development for StarCraft AI. In: Foundations of Digital Games (FDG) (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Guzel, M.S., Bicker, R.: A behaviour-based architecture for mapless navigation using vision. Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst. 9, 18 (2012)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  23. Hannoun, M., Boissier, O., Sichman, J.S., Sayettat, C.: MOISE: an organizational model for multi-agent systems. In: Monard, M.C., Sichman, J.S. (eds.) IBERAMIA/SBIA 2000. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1952, pp. 156–165. Springer, Heidelberg (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44399-1_17

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  24. Hübner, J.F., Sichman, J.S.a., Boissier, O.: A model for the structural, functional, and deontic specification of organizations in multiagent systems. In: Proceedings of the 16th Brazilian Symposium on Artificial Intelligence: Advances in Artificial Intelligence (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hübner, J.F., Sichman, J.S., Boissier, O.: Developing organised multiagent systems using the MOISE+ model: programming issues at the system and agent levels. Int. J. Agent Oriented Softw. Found. Eng. 1, 370–395 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kahneman, D., Frederick, S.: A model of heuristic judgment. In: The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kollingbaum, M.J., Norman, T.J.: Norm adoption and consistency in the NoA agent architecture. In: Dastani, M.M., Dix, J., El Fallah-Seghrouchni, A. (eds.) ProMAS 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3067, pp. 169–186. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25936-7_9

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  28. Lee, J., Padget, J., Logan, B., Dybalova, D., Alechina, N.: N-Jason: Run-time norm compliance in AgentSpeak. In: International Workshop on Engineering Multi-Agent Systems (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Maes, P.: Situated agents can have goals. Robot. Auton. Syst. 6, 49–70 (1990)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  30. Mataric, M.J.: Behaviour-based control: examples from navigation, learning, and group behaviour. J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell. 9, 323–336 (1997)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  31. Matellán, V., Borrajo, D.: ABC(2) an agenda based multi-agent model for robots control and cooperation. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 32, 93–114 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012009429991

    CrossRef  MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Song, I., Governatori, G.: Designing agent chips. In: 5th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2006) (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Song, I., Governatori, G., Diederich, J.: Automatic synthesis of reactive agents. In: 11th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV) (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Theodorou, A., Bandt-law, B., Bryson, J.J.: The sustainability game: AI technology as an intervention for public understanding of cooperative investment. In: IEEE Conference on Games (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Theodorou, A., Wortham, R.H., Bryson, J.J.: Designing and implementing transparency for real time inspection of autonomous robots. Connect. Sci. 29, 230–241 (2017)

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  36. Wortham, R.H., Gaudl, S.E., Bryson, J.J.: Instinct : a biologically inspired reactive planner for embedded environments. In: ICAPS 2016 PlanRob Workshop (2016)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Theodorou was supported by the Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. We would like to thank Dignum V. for her input on OperA. All code is available at: https://github.com/lulock/dota.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computing Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

    Leila Methnani & Andreas Theodorou

  2. Guildford, Surrey, UK

    Andreas Antoniades

Authors
  1. Leila Methnani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andreas Antoniades
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Andreas Theodorou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Leila Methnani .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

    Nirav Ajmeri

  2. University of Bath, Bath, UK

    Andreasa Morris Martin

  3. University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

    Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Methnani, L., Antoniades, A., Theodorou, A. (2022). Embracing AWKWARD! Real-Time Adjustment of Reactive Plans Using Social Norms. In: Ajmeri, N., Morris Martin, A., Savarimuthu, B.T.R. (eds) Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, Norms, and Ethics for Governance of Multi-Agent Systems XV. COINE 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13549. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20845-4_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20845-4_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-20844-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-20845-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

search

Navigation