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Adsorptive Techniques for the Removal of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds—Materials and Mechanisms

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Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technologies for the Removal of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

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Abstract

There has been an increasing rate in the release of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) used to cure humans and animals into water bodies, causing various environmental and health issues. Among several methods developed for the removal of these compounds, adsorption has received particular attention due to its efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and ease of implementation. This chapter aims to discuss the main mechanisms involved in the adsorption of PhACs while examining the latest observations in the literature regarding the selection of sustainable materials for the efficient adsorption and removal of these compounds from polluted (waste)waters. As a point of high importance, the reusability of the adsorbents after being used for these processes is also discussed, and recommendations for future studies are presented. The chapter ends with further reading suggestions to support the discussions provided in the present chapter.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Main categories of CECs include pharmaceuticals and personal care products, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, disinfection by-products, flame retardants, microplastics, and nanomaterials [4, 5].

  2. 2.

    Using conventional ion exchange resins such as MIEX®, Purolite A520E, Dowex 22, IRA938, IRA958, IRA458, IRA402, and Oasis MAX.

  3. 3.

    Fixed-bed adsorption is generally performed in various steps including saturation, regeneration, and washing [66–68].

  4. 4.

    Revealed by the kinetic data which were better fitted to the pseudosecond-order equation than to the pseudofirst-order equation, as an indication of the chemical adsorption.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium

    Mohammadreza Kamali, Lise Appels & Raf Dewil

  2. School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka, India

    Tejraj M. Aminabhavi

  3. Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

    Maria Elisabete V. Costa

  4. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    Shahid Ul Islam

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Correspondence to Mohammadreza Kamali .

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Kamali, M., Aminabhavi, T.M., V. Costa, M.E., Ul Islam, S., Appels, L., Dewil, R. (2023). Adsorptive Techniques for the Removal of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds—Materials and Mechanisms. In: Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technologies for the Removal of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20806-5_9

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