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Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Anaerobic Digestion Processes—Biodegradation and Fate

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Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technologies for the Removal of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

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Abstract

The presence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in water bodies has raised serious concerns about the possible environmental and health impacts. On the other hand, conventional wastewater treatment methods such as activated sludge have not been designed for the removal of PhACs, and hence, ongoing discharge of these pollutants into the environment can be highly expected. This chapter aims to explore the applicability of the anaerobic digestion process (AD) to remove various types of PhACs from streams and the possible toxic effects of these compounds on AD microorganisms. The involved mechanisms have also been discussed critically to explore the opportunities for the improvement in the efficiency of AD systems to deal with this type of contaminants of emerging concern. The respective sustainability aspects are also discussed, and recommendations for future studies in this regard are provided. Finally, further reading suggestions have been provided to fulfill the need for extra information in the applicability of AD processes for PhACs.

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Notes

  1. 1.

     > 25 mg/L, > 1 mg/L, > 10 mg/L, > 80 mg/L, > 90 mg/L, > 130 mg/L, and > 10 mg/L for sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamerazine, tylosin, and ceftiofur, respectively.

  2. 2.

    Described as nonionizing radiation within 0.3–300 GHz which falls between infrared light and radio waves in the electromagnetic spectrum.

  3. 3.

    The system was not efficient for the removal of ofloxacin.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium

    Mohammadreza Kamali, Lise Appels & Raf Dewil

  2. School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka, India

    Tejraj M. Aminabhavi

  3. Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

    Maria Elisabete V. Costa

  4. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    Shahid Ul Islam

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  1. Mohammadreza Kamali
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Correspondence to Mohammadreza Kamali .

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Kamali, M., Aminabhavi, T.M., V. Costa, M.E., Ul Islam, S., Appels, L., Dewil, R. (2023). Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Anaerobic Digestion Processes—Biodegradation and Fate. In: Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technologies for the Removal of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20806-5_5

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