Skip to main content

Global Development of Nurse Anesthesia Education from Mid-Nineteenth Century into Today’s Advanced Nursing Practice

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Nurse Practitioners and Nurse Anesthetists: The Evolution of the Global Roles

Part of the book series: Advanced Practice in Nursing ((APN))

  • 406 Accesses

Abstract

The chapter contains a brief history of the educational development of nurse anesthesia from the mid-nineteenth century till date in selected member countries of the International Federation of Nurse Anesthetist (IFNA). After a long period of on-the-job-training and being part of the basic nursing education, formal nurse anesthesia education started in most countries in the late 1940s until the mid-1950s as a postgraduate specialty. In some countries, it was even later. In the USA, it was much earlier. Educational schemes do vary despite a similar scope of practice in most of IFNA’s member countries. In an attempt to harmonize and improve the quality of nurse anesthesia education, IFNA introduced global professional standards from its beginning. These were regularly revised and eventually re- written into a competency-based framework. In 2010, an international recognition process for nurse anesthesia programs was started.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Sticker A. Die Entstehung der neuzeitlichen Krankenpflege. 1st ed. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer; 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Heim UFA. Leben für Andere. Die Krankenpflege der Diakonissen und Ordensschwestern in der Schweiz. 1st ed. Basel: Schwabe & Co; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Von Roten I. Frauen im Laufgitter. Offene Worte zur Stellung der Frau. Bern: Hallwag; 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Franklin JL. Billroth. Presented to the Chicago Literary Club, January 25, 1982 Hektoen Int. 2015 Winter; 7(12). [cited 2022 July 16]. Available from: https://hekint.org/2017/01/22/billroth/

  5. Nolte K, Hallet CE. Crossing the Boundaries: Nursing, Materiality and Anaesthetic Practice in Germany and Britain, 1846–1945. Eur. J for Nursing History and Ethics, ENHE 2019;1. p. 40–57. [cited 2022 July 5].

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hodel MA. Chirurgische Krankenpflege. 1st ed. Baldegg, Switzerland: Selbstverlag Institut; 1927.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kilian H. Die Entwicklung der Narkose und Anaesthesie im Laufe der Zeiten. In: Kilian, H./H. Weese (ed.): Die Narkose. Ein Lehr- und Handbuch. Stuttgart: 1954; pp. 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Atzl I, Artner L. Material Care Studies. Eur. J for Nursing History and Ethics, ENHE 2019;1. [cited 2022 July 5]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.25974/enhe2019-2en.

  9. Janssen P. Lehrbuch der chirurgischen Krankenpflege für Pflegerinnen und Operationsschwestern. 3rd ed. Leipzig: Verlag von F.C.W. Vogel; 1919.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Brunner F. Grundriss der Krankenpflege. Leitfaden für den Unterricht in Diakonissenanstalten, Schwesternhaeusern, Krankenpflegekursen. 14. Aufl. Zuerich: Druck und Verlag Schulthess; 1925.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hesse F, Lendle L, Schoen R. Allgemeinnarkose und oertliche Betaeubung. Zusammenfassende Darstellung für die Praxis auf pharmakologischer und klinischer Grundlage. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth Verlag; 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ischer C. Lehrbuch der Krankenpflege für Schwestern. Solothurn: Rotkreuz - Verlag Vogt-Schild AG; 1937.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Tenedios C, O’Leary S, Capocci M, Desai SP. History of Anaesthesia. Nurse Anaesthesia practice in the G7 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and The United States of America). Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35:158–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Lindahl SGE. In: Lindahl SGE, Winsö O, Åkeson J, editors. History of anesthesia. Anesthesia. 3.ed. ed. Stockholm: Liber AB; 2016. p. 20.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Schleich CL. Schmerzlose Operationen. Örtliche Betaeubung mit indifferenten Fluessigkeiten. Psychophysik des Natuerlichen und Kuenstlichen Schlafes. Berlin: Julius Springer; 1894.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Schloffer H. Aus der allgemeinen Chirurgie. Anaesthesie. In: Wullstein L, Kuettel H. Lehrbuch der Chirurgie. 1. Jena: Band. Gustav Fischer; 1923.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Draegerwerk AG. The history of Anaesthesia at Draeger Volume 1. Luebeck: DraEgerwerk AG; 1996. [cited 2022 July 7]. Available from: https://www.draeger.com/library/content/4212-br-history-of-anaesthesia_a5_en_191212-lr.pdf

  18. International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (IFNA). About IFNA. [cited 2022 July 7]. Available from: https://ifna.site/about-ifna/

  19. Rod P. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (France). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 141–8.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ouro J. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Benin). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 101–2.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Rwibuka GE. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Burundi). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 103–4.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Maykoi B. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Democratic Republic of the Congo). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 103–4.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Jendoubi M. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Tunisia). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 116–7.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Meeusen VCH, Van Zundert AAJ, Knape JTA, Gatt S. History of non-medical professionals in anaesthesia: “What’s past is prologue”, part 2. ACORN. 2012;25(2):16–23.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Sothea S. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Cambodia). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 126–7.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Tandung D. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Indonesia). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 126–8.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Jeong GS. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (South Korea). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 130–2.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Taki M. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Japan). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 129–30.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Wagner M. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Austria). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 135–7.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ballesteros BA. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Spain). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 166–8.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ylitalo-Airo M-l, Pyhälä S. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Finland). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). IFNA: Carmel, IN 46033. USA; 2021. p. 140–1.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Toftlev VJ, Johansen B. Useful Nordic network in anesthesia. Exchanges and networking across the Nordic borders provide nursing benefits. /Nyttigt nordisk netværk i anæstesi. Udveksling og netværkssamarbejde på tværs af de nordiske landegrænser giver sygeplejefaglige gevinster. Sygeplejersken. 2000;36:30–3.

    Google Scholar 

  33. McAuliffe M, Henry B. Countries where anesthesia is administered by nurses. AANA J. 1996;64(5):469–79.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. European Commission. The Bologna Process and the European Higher Education Area. In: European Education Area. Quality education and training for all. [cited 2022 Aug 3]. Available from: https://education.ec.europa.eu/education-levels/higher-education/inclusive-and-connected-higher-education/bologna-process

  35. European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication, The European Union: what it is and what it does, Publications Office, 2020. [cited 2022 Aug 3]. Available from: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2775/41083

  36. Cabrera E, Zabalegui A. Bologna process in European nursing education. Ten years later, lights and shadows. J Adv Nurs. 2021;77:1102–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Pedersen J. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Denmark). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 139–40.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Berthelsen PG. Manual positive pressure ventilation and the Copenhagen poliomyelitis epidemic 1952, an attempt at setting the record straight. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014;58:503–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Wertheim BM. How a polio outbreak in Copenhagen led to the invention of the ventilator. Smithonian Magazine. 2020; June; [cited 2022 Aug 7]. Available from: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/how-polio-outbreak-copenhagen-led-to-invention-ventilator-180975045/

  40. Ibsen B, Kvittingen TD. Work in an anesthesiological observation unit. Nord Med. 1958 Sept;60(38):1349–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Björkman Björkelund K. Nurse Anesthetists in Sweden. Presentation at Workshop in Leuven 24.10.2003. The Swedish Association of Nurse Anesthetists and Intensive Care’s Journal, Ventilen 2004 (1):18–21.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Halldin M. Narcosis and anesthesia: a handbook in anaesthesiology for nurses and medical graduates [Narkos och bedövning: en handbok i anestesiologi för sjuksköterskor och medicine kandidater]. Stockholm: Esselte; 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Olsson D. A historical perspective—some memories from the 50s and 60s and what it was like when I started in “anaesthesia”. [En historisk betraktelse-lite minnen från 50–60-talet och hur det var när jag började inom “narkosen”]. The Swedish Association of Nurse Anesthetists and Intensive Care’s Journal, Ventilen; 1992(1):10–11.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Norman B. Nurse Anesthetist Education—A Historical Perspective [Anestesisjuksköterskans utbildning i ett historiskt perspektiv]. The Swedish Association of Nurse Anesthetists and Intensive Care’s Journal, Ventilen; 1998(4): 21–24.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Björkman Björkelund K. The education as a nurse anesthetist—from course to program with a double degree. The Swedish Association of Nurse Anesthetists and Intensive Care’s Journal, Ventilen 2012 (4): 24–27.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Vassbotten-Olsen M. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Norway). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 157–60.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Birgisdottir AIK, Eliasdottir TS, Alfredson S. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Island). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 153–5.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Pasch T, Hossli G. Kurze Geschichte der Sweizerischen Gesellschaft fur Anaesthesie und Reanimation (SGAR) Anaesthesiol Intensivmed Notfall Schmerzth, vol. 38. Stuttgart: Thieme Verlag; 2003. p. 231–6.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Riesen M, Oliveti A & Loehnert H. The History of Nurse Anesthesia in IFNA Member Countries (Switzerland). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ & Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). IFNA: Carmel, IN 46033, USA; 2021. p. 170–174.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Keuskamp DHG (Red). Anesthesiologie, postoperatieve zorg, reanimatie, beademing: handboek voor verplegenden en klinische assistenten. 1: Basisvakken. Nederlandse anesthesisten vereniging, n.d.; 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Keuskamp DHG (Red). Anesthesiologie, postoperatieve zorg, reanimatie, beademing: handboek voor verplegenden en klinische assistenten. 2: Praktische Toepassing. Nederlandse anesthesisten vereniging, n.d.; 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  52. De Lange JJ, Mauve M, Reeser LDJ, Rupreht J, Smalhout B, Bongertman-Diek JM. Van Aether naar Beter. NVA v N Wetenschappelijke uitgeverij Bunge: Utrecht. 1988;4:1.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Rowles J, Meussen V. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (AFRICA). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 101–18.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Kelly J. An international study of educational programs for nurses providing anesthesia care. AANA J. 1994;62(6)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Johnson L. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Liberia). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). IFNA: Carmel, IN 46033. USA; 2021. p. 109.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Akalu L. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Ethiopia). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 105–7.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Mungai M. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Kenya). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 108–9.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Yang HJ. The history of Nurse anesthesia in IFNA member countries (Taiwan). In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 132–3.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Kempthorne P, Morriss W, Mellin-Olsen J, Gore-Booth J. The WFSA global anesthesia workforce survey. Anest Analg. 2017;125(3):981–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Ouellette SM. Five steps into globalization of the profession. In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 33–42.

    Google Scholar 

  61. International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists. Code of ethics, standards of practice, monitoring, and education. IFNA; 2016. [cited 2022 Aug 5]. Available from: https://ifna.site/app/uploads/2017/06/IFNA-Booklet-HD.pdf

  62. Frank JR, editor. The CanMEDS 2005 physician competency framework. Better standards. Better physicians. Better care. The Royal College of Physicians and surgeons of Canada. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 2005. Available from: http://www.ub.edu/medicina_unitateducaciomedica/documentos/CanMeds.pdf

  63. Herion C, Egger L, Greif R, Violato C. Validating international can MEDS-based standards defining education and safe practice of Nurse anesthetists. Int Nurs Review. 2019;66(3):404–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. International Council of Nurses (2021). Guidelines on Advanced Practice. Nurse Anesthetists. [cited 2022 Aug 5]. Available from: https://www.icn.ch/system/files/2021-07/ICN_Nurse-Anaesthetist-Report_EN_WEB.pdf

  65. Soanes C, Stevenson A, editors. The Oxford dictionary of English. Rev ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Frenk J, Chen LA, Bhutta ZA, Cohen J, Evans T, Fineberg H, et al. Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world. Lancet. 2010;376(9756):1923–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Lucey CR, Thibault GE, ten Cate O. Competency-Based, Time-Variable Education in the Health Professions: Crossroads. Acad Med. 2018; (93)3S:S1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Norman G, Norcini J, Bordage G. Competency-based education: milestones or millstones? J Grad Med Educ. 2014;6(1):1–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Ten Cate O, Scheele F. Viewpoint: competency-based postgraduate training: can we bridge the gap between theory and clinical practice? Acad Med. 2007;82(6):542–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Horton BJ, Anang SP, Riesen M, Yang HJ, Björkelund KB. International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists’ anesthesia program approval process. Int Nur Rev. 2014;61(2):285–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Horton BJ, Riesen M. Anesthesia program approval process. In: Ouelette SM, Horton BJ, Rowles JS, editors. The global voice for Nurse anesthesia: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists (1989–2021). Carmel, IN 46033, USA: IFNA; 2021. p. 235–56.

    Google Scholar 

  72. International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists. IFNA’s Anesthesia Program Approval Process (APAP). Operational Policies and Procedures (rev. 2017). [cited 2022 Aug 15]. Available from: https://ifna.site/app/uploads/2017/06/Operational-Policies-APAP-June-2017.pdf

  73. International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists. IFNA’s Anesthesia Program Approval Process (APAP). IFNA Approved Non-Physician Anesthesia Programs/Schools. [cited 2022 Aug 15]. Available from: https://ifna.site/ifna-accreditation-program/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Riesen, M., Hoekman, J., Björkelund, K. (2023). Global Development of Nurse Anesthesia Education from Mid-Nineteenth Century into Today’s Advanced Nursing Practice. In: Thomas, S.L., Rowles, J.S. (eds) Nurse Practitioners and Nurse Anesthetists: The Evolution of the Global Roles. Advanced Practice in Nursing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20762-4_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20762-4_27

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-20761-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-20762-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics