Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nurse Practitioner Development in German-speaking Countries: Germany, Austria, and Switzerland

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Nurse Practitioners and Nurse Anesthetists: The Evolution of the Global Roles

Part of the book series: Advanced Practice in Nursing ((APN))

Abstract

Nurse Practitioner (NP) developments are a global phenomenon and they do include German-speaking countries. Health care systems in German speaking counties such as Germany, Austria and Switzerland have similar settings including community care, outpatient care, inpatient hospital-based care and rehabilitation facilities [1], all of which are suitable for the development of advanced nursing. The main difference is that nurse education can be at various levels from mainly apprenticeship training (e.g. Germany) to more academic (e.g. Switzerland). Without some of the crucial regulatory aspects to sustainably develop advanced nursing, roles are overall slowly implemented and the process is cumbersome. The following text describes advanced nursing historical backgrounds, contexts and NP developments in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. While there are some similar features, each of the countries has specific aspects supporting or hindering NP developments and these are explored and compared in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. Health care in Germany: The German health care system. National Library of Medicine; 2006. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK298834/.

  2. Schober, M. 2016. Introduction to Advanced Nursing Practice: an International Focus. Under the Auspices of the International Council of Nurses (ICN). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Schober, M. 2017. Strategic Planning for Advanced Nursing Practice. Under the Auspices of the International Council of Nurses (ICN). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der Entwicklung im Gesundheitswesen (SVR). Kooperation und Verantwortung. Voraussetzungen einer zielorientierten Gesundheitsversorgung. Kurzfassung; 2007. https://www.svr-gesundheit.de/fileadmin/Gutachten/Gutachten_2007/Kurzfassung_2007.pdf. Accessed 26 Oct 2022.

  5. World Health Organisation (WHO). Factsheet non-communicable diseases, 2022. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases. Accessed 22 Oct 2022.

  6. Bundesärztekammer. Ärztestatistik 2021. 2021. https://www.bundesaerztekammer.de/baek/ueber-uns/aerztestatistik/aerztestatistik-2021. Accessed 23 Oct 2022.

  7. Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung. Module für den Erwerb erweiterter heilkundlicher Kompetenzen. n.d.. https://www.bibb.de/de/139520.php. Accessed 23 Oct 2022.

  8. Feuchtinger, J. 2016. ANP — Studiert und doch nah an der Praxis. Heilberufe, 68, pp.48–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00058-016-2226-0

    Google Scholar 

  9. Maier, C., L. Aiken and R. Busse 2017. “Nurses in advanced roles in primary care: Policy levers for implementation”, OECD Health Working Papers, No. 98, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/a8756593-en.

  10. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Physician Assistants e.V. Alle Infos rund um den Beruf des Physician Assistant, 2023. https://www.pa-deutschland.de/.

  11. Deutscher Berufsverband für Pflegeberufe e.V. Position des Deutschen Berufsverbandes für Pflegeberufe zu ‘Physician Assistants’. June 2017. https://www.dbfk.de/media/docs/download/DBfK-Positionen/Position-DBfK-zu-Physician-Assistants-2017.pdf. Accessed 13 May 2018.

  12. Study Germany. Learn nursing and work abroad with Ausbildung. 2022. https://studygermany.edu.my/learn-nursing-and-work-abroad-why-ausbildung-is-the-perfect-program-for-you/.

  13. Ullmann P, Lehwaldt D. Hochschulische Masterprogramme im Kontext der modernen Pflegebildung: die nationale Perspektive. In: bwp@ Spezial 6—Hochschultage Be-rufliche Bildung 2013, Fachtagung 14, hrsg. v. DARMANN-FINCK, I./ HÜLSKEN-GIESLER, M., 1–14. Erhältlich Online; 2013. http://www.bwpat.de/ht2013/ft14/ullmann_lehwaldt_ft14-ht2013.pdf.

  14. Schaeffer D. Advanced Nursing Practice—Erweiterte Rollen und Aufgaben der Pflege in der Primärversorgung in Ontario / Kanada. Pflege & Gesellschaft. 2017;22(1):18–35.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ullmann P, Fajardo A, Freyer S, Lehwaldt D, Pelz S, Prommersberger M, et al. Thesenpapier—Empfehlungen für den Einsatz von Advanced Practice Nurses. Hg. v. Deutsches Netzwerk APN & ANP g.e.V und Bundesverband Pflegemanagement. Berlin; 2022. https://www.bv-pflegemanagement.de/arbeitsgruppen.html?file=files/bvpm/sonstiges/downloads/Thesenpapier_Advanced%20Practice%20Nurses_2022.pdf. Accessed 26 Oct 2022.

  16. Chikhradze N, Hartenstein-Pinter A, Krüger C, Bienstein C. Innovative Versorgung von akut erkrankten Bewohnern und Bewohnerinnen im Altenheim In: g-plus—Zentrum im internationalen Gesundheitswesen (Hg.) (2015): transferplus. Care for Chronic Condition—Leben mit chronischer Krankheit gestalten (10); 2015. p. 28–33. http://www.g-plus.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/10_transferplus_Leben-mit_Oktober_2015.pdf. Accessed 10 July 2018.

  17. Katholische Hochschule Mainz. FAMOUS, n.d. https://www.kh-mz.de/forschung/famous/. Accessed 23 Oct 2022.

  18. Ministerium für Arbeit, Soziales, Transformation und Digitalisierung. Gemeindeschwester plus, n.d. https://mastd.rlp.de/de/unsere-themen/aeltere-menschen/gemeindeschwesterplus/. Accessed 23 Oct 2022.

  19. Niederer P, Wingerter U. Präventiv: Hausbesuch von der Gemeindeschwesterplus. Heilberufe. 2021;73(7–8):60–1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00058-021-2066-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Igl G, Szepan, N-M. Rechtliche Hinweise zur Etablierung des Berufsbildes von CHN. In: Agnes-Karll-Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsbildung und Pflegeforschung mbH vertreten durch den Deutscher Berufsverband für Pflegeberufe- DBfK Bundesverband e.V. (Hg.): Community Health Nursing. Aufgaben und Praxisprofile. Berlin, S. 30–33; 2022.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Agnes-Karll-Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsbildung und Pflegeforschung mbH vertreten durch den Deutschen Berufsverband für Pflegeberufe- DBfK Bundesverband e.V. (Hg.). Community Health Nursing. Aufgaben und Praxisprofile. Berlin; 2022. https://www.dbfk.de/media/docs/Bundesverband/CHN-Ausschreibung/CHN_Broschuere_2022-Aufgaben-und-Praxisprofile.pdf. Accessed 16 Oct 2022.

  22. Vogler C. Fachtag Community Health Nursing: Begrüßung mit Christine Vogler, 21 September, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCg0SHtx-PE.

  23. Mußgnug T, Mangiapane S, Czihal T. Perspektiven einer hausärztlichen Fokusgruppe auf die Einführung von Community Health Nurses. Z Allgemeinmed. 2022;98(9):298–303.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Iversen L, Wolf-Ostermann K, Petersen-Ewert C. Welche Aufgaben hat eine community health nurse? Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. 2022; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11553-022-00961-1.

  25. OECD/European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Austria: country health profile 2021. OECD Publishing. 2021; https://doi.org/10.1787/d4349682-en.

  26. Glarcher M, Lex KM. Advanced nursing practice in Austria under consideration of outcome measurement. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2020;155:11–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zefq.2020.06.012.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Beil-Hildebrand MB, Smith HB. Comparative analysis of advanced practice nursing: contextual and historical influences in North American and German-speaking European countries. Policy Polit Nurs Pract. 2022;23(3):162–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/15271544221105032.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Rappold E. Österreichs Pflege in Bewegung? [Austrian care on the move?]. Pflege. 2008;21(3):147–8. https://doi.org/10.1024/1012-5302.21.3.147.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. GuKG. Gesundheits-und Krankenpflegegesetz 1997, BGBI.INr.108/1997i.d.F.BGBl.INr.8/2016, 1997. https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2016_I_75/BGBLA_2016_I_75.pdf. Accessed 6 Feb 2019.

  30. OeAD-GmbH—Austria‘s Agency for Education and Internationalisation. Study in Austria. General information, 2022. https://studyinaustria.at/en/study/general-information. Accessed 22 Feb 2023.

  31. Glarcher M, Ferguson C. Why do we need a global network? Perspectives for the promotion of young scientists: J Adv Nurs; 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15545.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  32. Neumann-Ponesch S. Advanced nursing practice in Österreich. Postitionspapier. 2nd ed. Facultas Verlags- und Buchhandels AG; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Neumann-Ponesch S, Leoni-Scheiber C. Advanced Nursing Practice. verstehen—anwenden—umsetzen, vol. 1. Facultas; 2020.

    Google Scholar 

  34. International Council of Nurses (ICN). Nursing care continuum framework and competencies. ICN Regulation Series. International Council of Nurses (ICN), 2008. https://siga-fsia.ch/files/user_upload/07_ICN_Nursing_Care_Continuum_Framework_and_Competencies.pdf.

  35. Arslanian-Engoren C. Conceptualizations of advanced practice nursing. In: Tracy MF, O’Grady ET, editors. Hamric and Hanson’s advanced practice nursing. An integrative approach. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2019. p. 25–60.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Hamric AB, Spross JA, Hanson CM. Advanced practice nursing: an integrative approach. Elsevier Saunders; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hamric AB, Spross JA, Hanson CM. Advanced practice nursing: an integrative approach. 4th ed. Saunders; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  38. DiCenso A, Bryant-Lukosius D, Martin-Misener R, Donald F, Abelson J, Bourgeault I, Kilpatrick K, Carter N, Kaasalainen S, Harbman P. Factors enabling advanced practice nursing role integration in Canada. Nurs Leader. 2010;23(Special Issue):211–38. https://www.longwoods.com/content/22279.

  39. Glarcher M, Ebner L. Being an advanced practice nurse with passion the role of advanced practice nurses (APN) in Austria: development of a conceptual framework. 12th ICN NP/APN Network conference, Dublin, 21–24 August, 2022.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Pichler LM, Krutter S. Geriatrische Patient_innen in der Notfallambulanz Entwicklung einer ANP-Rolle aus Sicht des multiprofessionellen Teams. Pflege. 2022; https://doi.org/10.1024/1012-5302/a000910.

  41. Kobleder A, Mayer H, Senn B. Die Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) in der gynäkologischen Onkologie: Entwicklung eines evidenzbasierten Konzepts. Pflege. 2020;33(1), 13–23. http://search.ebscohost.com.ez.srv.pmu.ac.at/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=141325051&site=ehost-live.

  42. Kobleder A, Mayer H, Senn B. ‘Feeling someone is there for you’—experiences of women with vulvar neoplasia with care delivered by an advanced practice nurse. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(3–4):456–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13434.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Rappold E, Juraszovich B, Weißenhofer S, Edtmayer A. Taskforce Pflege. Begleitung des Prozesses zur Erarbeitung von Zielsetzungen, Maßnahmen und Strukturen [taskforce care. Accompaniment of the process to develop objectives, measures and structures]. Gesundheit Österreich; 2021.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Eissler C, Zumstein-Shaha M. Kompetenzniveaus neuer Rollen in der Schweizer Gesundheitsversorgung: eine Literaturrecherche. Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. 2022; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11553-022-00958-w.

  45. Schäfer M, Scherrer A, Burla L. Bildungsabschlüsse im Bereich Pflege und Betreuung. Systematische Übersichtsarbeit (Obsan Dossier 24) (1037–1302-05). 2013. https://www.obsan.admin.ch/sites/default/files/publications/2015/obsan_dossier_24.pdf.

  46. Ulrich A, Hellstern P, Kressig RW, Eze G, Spirig R. Advanced nursing practice in daily nursing care: practice development of an acute geriatric advanced nursing practice team. Pflege. 2010;23(6):403–10. https://doi.org/10.1024/1012-5302/a000079. (Advanced Nursing Practice (ANP) im direkten Pflegealltag: Die pflegerische Praxisentwicklung eines akutgeriatrischen ANP-Teams.)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. von Dach C, Eschmann R, Petry H, Staudacher D, Spirig R. Pflegeexpertin APN: eine fortschrittliche Rolle an der Schnittstelle von Pflege und Medizin. Pflegerecht. 2016a;5(4), 216. https://pflegerecht.recht.ch/de/autoren/christoph-von-dach.

  48. V-NQR-BB. 2014. https://fedlex.data.adminch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/2014/488/20141001/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-cheli-cc-2014-488-20141001-de-pdf-a.pdf.

  49. EHEA. Rome ministerial communiqué. Meeting online. 2020. http://www.ehea.info/Upload/Rome_Ministerial_Communique.pdf.

  50. The European Parliament, & The Council. Recommendation of on the establishment of the European Qualifications Framework for lifelong learning (Text with EEA relevance). Brussels: European Parliament Council; 2008. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008H0506(01)&from=DE.

  51. Bischofberger I, Käppeli A, Essig S, Gysin S. Klinisches Mentorat für Pflegeexpertinnen und Pflegeexperten MSc. Stand der Diskussionen und Erfahrungen aus der Praxis. Swiss Acad Commun. 2020;15(1). https://www.samw.ch/dam/jcr:5e9d8742-4e4e-408c-9feb-feef24641330/empfehlungen_samw_klinisches_mentorat_pflegeexertinnen.pdf.

  52. Steinbrüchel-Boesch C, Rosemann T, Spirig R. Neue Zusammenarbeitsformen mit Advanced Practice Nurses in der Grundversorgung aus Sicht von Hausärzten—eine qualitativ-explorative Studie. Praxis. 2017;106(9):459–64. https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a002658.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Eicher MRE. Pflegeexpertise bei Frauen mit Brustkrebs—Ein systematischer Literaturüberblick zur Wirksamkeit von Interventionen durch spezialisierte Pflegende. Pflege. 2005;18(6):353–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Kobleder A, Mayer H, Senn B. Die advanced practice nurse (APN) in der gynakologischen Onkologie. Pflege. 2019;1-11 https://doi.org/10.1024/1012-5302/a000707.

  55. Mahrer Imhof R, Eicher M, Frauenfelder F, Oulevey Bachmann A, Ulrich A. Expertenbericht APN. 2012. https://www.vfp-apsi.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/Dokumente/Expertenbericht_Deutsch.pdf.

  56. Morin D, Eicher M. Advanced practice nursing. Rev Med Suisse. 2012;8(352):1680–1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22988729 (ILa pratique infirmiere avancee).

  57. Morin D, Shaha M, Januel JM, Laubscher A, Levi HB, Ninane F, Houlin MJ, Ramelet AS. Update on advanced practice nursing. Krankenpfl Soins Infirm. 2015;108(5):72–6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26050463 (Le point sur la pratique infirmiere avancee).

  58. Spichiger E, Kesselring A, Spirig R, De Geest S, Gruppe Zukunft Medizin Schweiz der Schweizerische Akademie der Medizinischen W. Professional nursing—development and contents of a definition. Pflege. 2006;19(1):45–51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16523849; http://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/abs/10.1024/1012-5302.19.1.45?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed (Professionelle Pflege—Entwicklung und Inhalte einer Definition).

  59. Spirig R. 10 years advanced nursing practice in Switzerland: retrospect and prospects. Pflege. 2010;23(6):363–6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21280251 (10 Jahre Advanced Nursing Practice in der Schweiz: Ruckblick und Ausblick).

  60. Spichiger E, Zumstein-Shaha M, Schubert M, Herrmann L. Focused development of advanced practice nurse roles for specific patient groups in a Swiss university hospital. Pflege. 2018;31(1):41–50. https://doi.org/10.1024/1012-5302/a000594. (Gezielte Entwicklung von Advanced Practice Nurse-Rollen fur spezifische Patient(inn)engruppen in einem Schweizer Universitatsspital.)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Gysin S, Bischofberger I, Meier R, van Vught A, Merlo C, Essig S. Nurse practitioners in Swiss family practices as potentially autonomous providers of home visits: an exploratory study of two cases. Home Health Care Manag Pract. 2021;33(1):8–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1084822320946289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Gysin S, Meier R, van Vught A, Merlo C, Gemperli A, Essig S. Differences in patient population and service provision between nurse practitioner and general practitioner consultations in Swiss primary care: a case study. BMC Fam Pract. 2020a;21(1):164. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-020-01240-8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Gysin S, Odermatt M, Merlo C, Essig S. Pflegeexpertinnen APN und Medizinische Praxiskoordinatorinnen in der Hausarztpraxis. Primary and Hospital Care—Allgemeine Innere Medizin. 2020b;20(1):19–22.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Gysin S, Sottas B, Odermatt M, Essig S. Advanced practice nurses’ and general practitioners’ first experiences with introducing the advanced practice nurse role to Swiss primary care: a qualitative study. BMC Fam Pract. 2019;20(1):163. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-019-1055-z.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Josi R, Bianchi M. Advanced practice nurses, registered nurses and medical practice assistants in new care models in Swiss primary care: a focused ethnography of their professional roles. BMJ Open. 2019;9(12):e033929. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033929.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Josi R, Bianchi M, Brandt SK. Advanced practice nurses in primary care in Switzerland: an analysis of interprofessional collaboration. BMC Nurs. 2020;19:1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0393-4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Josi R, De Pietro C. Skill mix in Swiss primary care group practices—a nationwide online survey. BMC Fam Pract. 2019;20(1):39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-019-0926-7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Lauber E, Kindlimann A, Nicca D, Altermatt-von Arb R, Sgier C, Staudacher S, Sailer Schramm M, Vokt F, Zuniga F. Integration of an advanced practice nurse into a primary care practice: a qualitative analysis of experiences with changes in general practitioner professional roles in a Swiss multiprofessional primary care practice. Swiss Med Wkly. 2022;152:w30199. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2022.w30199.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Schlunegger MC. Projekt PRiMA der Berner Fachhochschule. Schweizerische Ärztezeitung. 2021;102(4):1585–6.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Schlunegger MC, Palm R, Zumstein-Shaha M. The contribution of advanced practice nurses in Swiss family practices: multiple case study design. Pflege. 2022b; https://doi.org/10.1024/1012-5302/a000890. (Der Beitrag von Advanced Practice Nurses in Schweizer Hausarztpraxen.)

  71. Schonenberger N, Sottas B, Merlo C, Essig S, Gysin S. Patients’ experiences with the advanced practice nurse role in Swiss family practices: a qualitative study. BMC Nurs. 2020;19:90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-020-00482-2.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Serena A, Castellani P, Fucina N, Griesser AC, Jeanmonod J, Peters S, Eicher M. The role of advanced nursing in lung cancer: a framework based development. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2015a;19(6):740–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2015.05.009.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Serena A, Dwyer A, Peters S, Eicher M. Feasibility of advanced practice nursing in lung cancer consultations during early treatment: a phase II study. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2017;29:106–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2017.05.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Serena A, Dwyer AA, Peters S, Eicher M. Acceptance of the advanced practice nurse in lung cancer role by healthcare professionals and patients: a qualitative exploration. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2018;50(5):540–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12411.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Serena A, Zurkinden C, Castellani P, Eicher M. Current perspectives on supportive care for lung cancer patients. Rev Med Suisse. 2015b;11(475):1118–21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26152086 (Perspectives actuelles sur les soins de support aux patients atteints d’un cancer du poumon).

  76. Zumstein-Shaha M, von Dach C, Moramba R, Thormann K, Schenk M, Froehli C, Schlunegger MC, Hahn S, Eissler C. Neue Rollen der nicht-ärztlichen Berufe in der Schweizer Grundversorgung. Primary and Hospital Care. Allgemeine Innere Medizin. 2022;22(4):106–9. https://doi.org/10.4414/phc-d.2022.20042.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Sailer Schramm M, Brüngger B, Wyss C, Röthlisberger A, Kläy M, Triaca H, Grünig B, Schüller A, Blunier H. Tandembetreuung mit Vorteilen für alle Beteiligten. Prim Hosp Care Allg Inn Med. 2019;19(2):52–6. https://doi.org/10.4414/phc-d.2019.10021.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Steinbruchel-Boesch C, Rosemann T, Spirig R. Praxis (Bern 1994). 2017;106(9):459–64. https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a002658 (Neue Zusammenarbeitsformen mit Advanced Practice Nurses in der Grundversorgung aus Sicht von Hausarzten—eine qualitativ-explorative Studie).

  79. Tellier H, Colson S, & Gentile S. Improving the management of children with type 1 diabetes and their families: What role for the advanced practice nurse, coordinator of complex care pathways? A qualitative, exploratory study using semi-directed interviews]. Rech Soins Infirm. 2019;136:80–9. https://doi.org/10.3917/rsi.136.0080 (Ameliorer la prise en charge de l’enfant atteint de diabete de type 1 et celle de sa famille: quel role pour l’infirmiere de pratique avancee, coordinatrice de parcours complexe de soins ? Une etude qualitative et exploratoire).

  80. von Dach C, Eschmann R, Petry H, Staudacher D, Spirig R. Pflegeexpertin APN: eine fortschrittliche Rolle an der Schnittstelle von Pflege und Medizin. Pflegerecht. 2016b;4:216–23.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Zumstein-Shaha M. Advanced nursing practice: way to go?—how to progress in your speciality. In: Charnay-Sonnek F, Murphy AE, editors. Principle of nursing in oncology. New challenges. Springer; 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Zumstein-Shaha M. Pflegeexpertin/−e APN in der Schweiz. Rechtliche Grundlagen und Schwierigkeiten bei der Abrechnung. Pflegerecht. 2022;3(3):151–7.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Definitive Healthcare. Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG). 2022. https://www.definitivehc.com/resources/glossary/diagnosis-related-group.

  84. SwissAPN. Positionspapier APN CH, 2012. http://www.swiss-anp.ch/fileadmin/3_ANP_Berufsrolle/2012_EckpunktepapierANP.pdf.

  85. Mahrer Imhof R. Klare Rollenprofile verbessern die Patientensicherheit. Krankenpflege. 2019;9:16–8.

    Google Scholar 

  86. von Dach C, Cecini R, Lender I. Implementierung einer «Nurse Practitioner»-Rolle in der stationären Chirurgie: eine Mixed-Methods Studie mit Prä-Post-Messung. Pflege. in press;

    Google Scholar 

  87. Schlunegger MC, Aeschlimann S, Palm R, Zumstein-Shaha M. Competencies of nurse practitioners in family practices: a scoping review. J Clin Nurs. 2022a; https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16382.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Hospital Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    Elke Keinath & Andreas Dirksen

  2. School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland

    Daniela Lehwaldt

  3. Institute of Nursing Science and Practice, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria

    Manela Glarcher

  4. University Hospital, Salzburg, Austria

    Roland Essl-Maurer

  5. Department of Health, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland

    Christoph von Dach, Christian Eissler & Maya Zumstein-Shaha

  6. Solthurner Spitäler AG, Solothurn, Switzerland

    Christoph von Dach

  7. Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Musselburgh, UK

    Christoph von Dach

  8. Faculty of Health, Department of Nursing, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany

    Maya Zumstein-Shaha

Authors
  1. Elke Keinath
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andreas Dirksen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Daniela Lehwaldt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Manela Glarcher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Roland Essl-Maurer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Christoph von Dach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Christian Eissler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Maya Zumstein-Shaha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniela Lehwaldt .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. DePaul Community Health Center, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Sophia L. Thomas

  2. School of Nurse Anesthesia, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA

    Jackie S. Rowles

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Keinath, E. et al. (2023). Nurse Practitioner Development in German-speaking Countries: Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. In: Thomas, S.L., Rowles, J.S. (eds) Nurse Practitioners and Nurse Anesthetists: The Evolution of the Global Roles. Advanced Practice in Nursing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20762-4_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20762-4_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-20761-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-20762-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation