Abstract
Legal judgment (e.g., charge, law article and prison term) prediction is an important task for Legal AI, aiming to assist the judges to get the legal judgment and improve the efficiency of judges. Recently, many existing works have been proposed to promote the performance of legal judgment prediction. While most of them pay attention to confusing charges identification and article recommendation, neglecting the prison term prediction could limit the overall performance (e.g., the accuracy of prison term is less than 50%). In this paper, we focus on the task of prison term prediction. According to the principle of “treating like cases alike" stressed by the Supreme People’s Court of China, we propose a similar case based prison term prediction (SPTP) method, consisting of a prison term prediction module and a prison term rectification module. The prison term prediction module uses the basic prison term prediction method to get an initial prison term, and then the prison term rectification module rectifies the initial prison term to acquire the final prison term prediction. Specifically, the rectification module includes a similar case retrieval part and a sentencing rectification part. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of our method under the quantitative evaluation metrics.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
The dataset can be downloaded from https://github.com/china-ai-law-challenge/CAIL2018.
- 4.
The dataset can be downloaded from http://data.court.gov.cn/pages/laic2021.html.
References
Althammer, S., Askari, A., Verberne, S., Hanbury, A.: Dossier@ coliee 2021: leveraging dense retrieval and summarization-based re-ranking for case law retrieval. arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.03937 (2021)
Bhattacharya, P., Ghosh, K., Pal, A., Ghosh, S.: Hier-SPCNet: a legal statute hierarchy-based heterogeneous network for computing legal case document similarity, pp. 1657–1660. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3397271.3401191
Chalkidis, I., Fergadiotis, M., Malakasiotis, P., Androutsopoulos, I.: Large-scale multi-label text classification on EU legislation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.02192 (2019)
Chen, H., Cai, D., Dai, W., Dai, Z., Ding, Y.: Charge-based prison term prediction with deep gating network. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP), pp. 6362–6367. Association for Computational Linguistics, Hong Kong, China (2019). https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D19-1667. http://aclanthology.org/D19-1667
Devlin, J., Chang, M.W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018)
Dong, Q., Niu, S.: Legal judgment prediction via relational learning, pp. 983–992 Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2021). https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3462931
Duan, X., et al.: CJRC: a reliable human-annotated benchmark dataset for Chinese judicial reading comprehension. In: Sun, M., Huang, X., Ji, H., Liu, Z., Liu, Y. (eds.) CCL 2019. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 11856, pp. 439–451. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32381-3_36
Gan, L., Kuang, K., Yang, Y., Wu, F.: Judgment prediction via injecting legal knowledge into neural networks. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 35, no.14, pp. 12866–12874 (2021). http://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/17522
Kim, Y.: Convolutional neural networks for sentence classification. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1746–1751. Association for Computational Linguistics, Doha, Qatar (2014). https://doi.org/10.3115/v1/D14-1181. http://aclanthology.org/D14-1181
Luo, B., Feng, Y., Xu, J., Zhang, X., Zhao, D.: Learning to predict charges for criminal cases with legal basis. In: Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 2727–2736. Association for Computational Linguistics, Copenhagen, Denmark (2017).https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D17-1289. http://aclanthology.org/D17-1289
Ma, Y., Shao, Y., Wu, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, R., Zhang, M., Ma, S.: LeCaRD: a legal case retrieval dataset for Chinese law system, pp. 2342–2348 Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2021). https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3463250
Rabelo, J., Kim, M.-Y., Goebel, R., Yoshioka, M., Kano, Y., Satoh, K.: COLIEE 2020: methods for legal document retrieval and entailment. In: Okazaki, N., Yada, K., Satoh, K., Mineshima, K. (eds.) JSAI-isAI 2020. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 12758, pp. 196–210. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79942-7_13
Robertson, S., Zaragoza, H.: The probabilistic relevance framework: BM25 and Beyond. Now Publishers Inc. (2009)
Shao, Y.: Towards legal case retrieval, p. 2485. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2020). https://doi.org/10.1145/3397271.3401457
Shao, Y., et al.: BERT-PLI: modeling paragraph-level interactions for legal case retrieval. In: IJCAI, pp. 3501–3507 (2020)
Shao, Y., Wu, Y., Liu, Y., Mao, J., Zhang, M., Ma, S.: Investigating user behavior in legal case retrieval. In: Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 962–972 (2021)
Sutskever, I., Vinyals, O., Le, Q.V.: Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems - Vol. 2, pp. 3104–3112. NIPS2014, MIT Press (2014)
Vaswani, A., et al.: Attention is all you need. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30 (2017)
Wang, P., Fan, Y., Niu, S., Yang, Z., Zhang, Y., Guo, J.: Hierarchical matching network for crime classification. In: Proceedings of the 42nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 325–334 (2019)
Wang, P., Yang, Z., Niu, S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Niu, S.: Modeling dynamic pairwise attention for crime classification over legal articles. In: The 41st International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 485–494 (2018)
Wang, Y., et al.: Equality before the law: legal judgment consistency analysis for fairness. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.13868 (2021)
Wu, Y., et al.: De-biased court’s view generation with causality. In: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 763–780 (2020)
Xiao, C., et al.: CAIL 2018: a large-scale legal dataset for judgment prediction. arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.02478 (2018)
Xu, N., Wang, P., Chen, L., Pan, L., Wang, X., Zhao, J.: Distinguish confusing law articles for legal judgment prediction. In: Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 3086–3095. Association for Computational Linguistics (2020). https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.280. http://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.280
Yao, F., et al.: Leven: a large-scale Chinese legal event detection dataset. arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.08556 (2022)
Zhong, H., Guo, Z., Tu, C., Xiao, C., Liu, Z., Sun, M.: Legal judgment prediction via topological learning. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 3540–3549. Association for Computational Linguistics, Brussels, Belgium (2018). https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D18-1390. http://aclanthology.org/D18-1390
Zhong, H., Xiao, C., Tu, C., Zhang, T., Liu, Z., Sun, M.: How does NLP benefit legal system: a summary of legal artificial intelligence. In: Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 5218–5230. Association for Computational Linguistics (2020)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by Program of Zhejiang Province Science and Technology (2022C01044), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC3340300), Key R & D Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology (2020YFC0832500), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (226–2022–00142, 226–2022–00051).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhou, S., Liu, Y., Wu, Y., Kuang, K., Zheng, C., Wu, F. (2022). Similar Case Based Prison Term Prediction. In: Fang, L., Povey, D., Zhai, G., Mei, T., Wang, R. (eds) Artificial Intelligence. CICAI 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13606. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20503-3_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20503-3_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-20502-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-20503-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)