Skip to main content

“Come and Dive” in Papua New Guinea: Surfing, Reefs, Paper Park MPAs and Marine Conservation Issues in PNG Beyond Sharks, Whales, Crocodiles, Seagrass and ‘Developing a Resource’

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Globalization and Papua New Guinea: Ancient Wilderness, Paradise, Introduced Terror and Hell
  • 242 Accesses

Abstract

Coastal ecosystems worldwide are collapsing. In parallel, diving is a relatively recent but intrusive leisure activity of industrialization and its holiday society with a vast human footprint in the atmosphere, socially, on land and certainly under water. It was little pursued by humanity for millennia but never reached such an intensity and depths as found today, globally, e.g. as enabled by plastic and rubber gear, cumbustion engines, including sling shots made available to kids in supermarkets. The human pursuit of pristine wilderness—coral reefs and seagrass beds—remains ongoing, and Papua New Guinea (PNG) offers such waters and coasts. Here, the PNG diving, snorkeling and surfing situation gets put into a conceptual context of the modern ocean crisis, including ecotourism, neoliberalism, technical developments, charismatic megafauna, marine protected area (MPA) failures, sustainable development, climate change and sustainability governance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Beasley, I., & Brown, A. M. (2018). Australian Snubfin Dolphin: Orcaella heinsohni. In Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (pp. 47–49). Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blaha, M., Patoka, J., Kozák, P., & Kouba, A. (2016). Unrecognized diversity in New Guinean crayfish species (Decapoda, Parastacidae): The evidence from molecular data. Integrative Zoology, 11, 457–468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouillon, S., Borges, A. V., Castañeda‐Moya, E., Diele, K., Dittmar, T., Duke, N. C., Kristensen, E., Lee, S. Y., Marchand, C., Middelburg, J. J., Rivera‐Monroy, V. H., & Twilley, R. R. (2008). Mangrove production and carbon sinks: A revision of global budget estimates. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 22(2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolton, M., & Laufa, M. (1982). The crocodile project in Papua New Guinea. Biological Conservation, 22(3), (pp. 169–179).

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, M. (2020). A first-hand narrative account on Tibet’s paper parks: How China’s greenwashing in Tibet flies under the radar. In Hindu Kush-Himalaya Watersheds Downhill: Landscape Ecology and Conservation Perspectives (pp. 197–212). Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. R. A., Skewes, T., Mitchell, D., Pontio, M., & Hills, T. (2014). Stakeholder perceptions of ecosystem service declines in Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea: Is human population a more critical driver than climate change? Marine Policy, 46, 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beehler, B., & Laman, T. (2020). New Guinea: Nature and Culture of Earth's Grandest Island. Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, R. R., Foo, S. A., & Asner, G. P. (2019). Land use impacts on coral reef health: A ridge-to-reef perspective. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cousteau, J. (1979). The Ocean World. Abrams Publisher New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cousteau, J. M., & Richards, M. (1999). Cousteau’s Papua New Guinea Journey. Henry Abraham’s Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daltry, J. C., Langelet, E., Solmu, G. C., van der Ploeg, J., van Weerd M., & Whitaker, R. (2016). Successes and failures of crocodile harvesting strategies in the Asia Pacific Region. Tropical Conservation: Perspectives on Local and Global Priorities, 345–362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delevaux, J., & Stamoulis, K. (2020). Assessment of ridge-to-reef management. Seascape Solutions LLC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, J. (2011b). Collapse: How societies choose to fail or succeed. Revised Edition. Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edgeloe, J. M., Severn-Ellis, A. A., Bayer, P. E., Mehravi, S., Breed, F., Krauss, S. L., Batley, J., Kendrick, G. A., Sinclair, E. A. (2022). Extensive polyploid clonality was a successful strategy for seagrass to expand into a newly submerged environment. Proceedings of the Royal Society B.2892022053820220538

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferretti, F., Worm, B., Britten, G. L., Heithaus, M. R., & Lotze, H. K. (2010). Patterns and ecosystem consequences of shark declines in the ocean. Ecology Letters, 13(8), 1055–1071.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, A., Smith, S. E., Lipsett-Moore, G., Groves, C., Peterson, N., Sheppard, S., Lokani, P., Hamilton, R., Almany, J., Aitsi, J., & Bualia, L. (2009). Designing a resilient network of marine protected areas for Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea. Oryx, 43(4), 488–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hair, C., Foale, S., Kinch, J., Frijlink, S., Lindsay, D., & Southgate, P. C. (2019). Socioeconomic impacts of a sea cucumber fishery in Papua New Guinea: Is there an opportunity for mariculture? Ocean & Coastal Management, 179, 104826.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, B. S., Frazier, M., Potapenko, J., Casey, K. S., Koenig, K., Longo, C., & Walbridge, S. (2015). Spatial and temporal changes in cumulative human impacts on the world’s ocean. Nature Communications, 6(1), 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, R., Green, A., & Almany, J. (Eds.) (2009). Rapid ecological assessment: Northern Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea. Technical report of survey conducted August 13 to September 7, 2006. TNC Pacific Island Countries Report No. 1/09.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huettmann, F. (2020). Chapter 31 Hydrodams: Death by over 500 cuts and blockages virtually build without Impact Assessment. In G. R. Regmi, & F. Huettmann (Eds.), Hindu Kush-Himalaya watersheds downhill: Landscape ecology and conservation perspectives (pp. 633–648). Springer Gland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huettmann F., Shrestha, M., Puri, G., & Regmi, G. R. (2020). Chapter 32 Hydrodams again: A closer look at expensive gharials, lost dolphins, dissected fish migration, and destructive energy for non-sustainable mining and societies abroad fueling a non-democratic governance for the designed ‘homo electricus’ In G. R. Regmi, & F. Huettmann (Eds.), Hindu Kush-Himalaya Watersheds Downhill: Landscape Ecology and Conservation Perspectives (pp. 649–661). Springer Gland, Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinsohn, R., Lacy, R. C., Lindenmayer, D. B., Marsh, H., Kwan, D., & Lawler, I. R. (2004, November). Unsustainable harvest of dugongs in Torres Strait and Cape York (Australia) waters: Two case studies using population viability analysis. In Animal Conservation forum (Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 417–425). Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyndman, D. (1988). Melanesian resistance to ecocide and ethnocide: Transnational mining projects and the Fourth World on the island of New Guinea. Tribal Peoples and Development Issues. A Global Overview Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain view, CA, (pp. 281–298).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, J. (2013). Dive Atlas of the world: An illustrated reference for the best sites. IMM Lifestyle Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, J. B. C., Kirby, M. X., Berger, W. H., Bjorndal, K. A., Botsford, L. W., Bourque, B. J., Bradbury, R. H., Cooke, R., Erlandson, J., Estes, J. A., Hughes, T. P., Kidwell, S., Lange, C. B., Lenihan, H. S., Pandolfi, J. M., Peterson, C. H., Steneck, R. S., Tegner, M. J., & Warner, R. R. (2001). Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science, 293, 629–637.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayr, E., Diamond, J. M., & Diamond, J. (2001). The birds of northern Melanesia: Speciation, ecology & biogeography. Oxford University Press on Demand.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, L. J., Yoshida, R. L., Aini, J. W., Andréfouet, S., Colin, P. L., Cullen-Unsworth, L. C., Hughes, A. T., Payri, C. E., Rota, M., Shaw, C., & Skelton, P. A. (2021). Seagrass ecosystems of the Pacific Island Countries and Territories: A global bright spot. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 167, 112308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mavea, W. B., Belonovich, O., Nagombi, E., Boslogo, T., Gwynn, L., Russ, R., & Bird, J. P. (2021). A survey of cetaceans in New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Australian Mammalogy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pazartzi, T., Siaperopoulou, S., Gubili, C., Maradidou, S., Loukovitis, D., Chatzispyrou, A., & Imsiridou, A. (2019). High levels of mislabeling in shark meat–Investigating patterns of species utilization with DNA barcoding in Greek retailers. Food Control, 98, 179–186.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pauly, D., Silvestre, G., & Smith, I. R. (1989). On development, fisheries and dynamite: A brief review of tropical fisheries management. Natural Resource Modeling, 3, 307–329. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-7445.1989.tb00084.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pittman S. J. , Yates, K. L., Bouchet, P. J., Alvarez-Berastegui, D., Andréfouët, S., Bell, S. S., Berkström, C., Boström, C., Brown, C. J., Connolly, R. M., Devillers, R., Eggleston, D., Gilby, B. L., Gullström, M., Halpern, B. S., Hidalgo, M., Holstein, D., Hovel, K., Huettmann, F., Jackson, E. L., James, W. R., Kellner, J. B., Kot, C. Y., Lecours, V., Lepczyk, C., Nagelkerken, I., Nelson, J., Olds, A. D., Santos, R. O., Scales, K. L., Schneider, D. C., Schilling, H. T., Simenstad, C., Suthers, I. M., Treml, E. A., Wedding, L. M., Yates, P., & Young, M. (2020). Seascape ecology: Identifying research priorities for an emerging ocean sustainability science. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 663, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13661

  • Rayner, M. J., Baird, K. A., Bird, J., Cranwell, S., RAINE, A. F., Maul, B., Kuri, J., Zhang, J., & Gaskin, C. P. (2020). Land and sea-based observations and first satellite tracking results support a New Ireland breeding site for the Critically Endangered Beck’s Petrel Pseudobulweria beckii. Bird Conservation International, 30, 58–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouphael, A. B., & Inglis, G. J. (2001). “Take only photographs and leave only footprints”?: An experimental study of the impacts of underwater photographers on coral reef dive sites. Biological Conservation, 100(3), 281–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sandilyan, S., & Kathiresan, K. (2012). Mangrove conservation: A global perspective. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21(14), 3523–3542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sauer, C. O. (1915). Exploration of the Kaiserin Augusta River in New Guinea, 1912–13. Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, 47(5), 342–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stone, G. S. & Obura D. (2013). Underwater Eden: Saving the last coral wilderness on earth. The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Guardian. (2022). ‘Shark calling’: Locals claim ancient custom threatened by seabed mining. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/30/sharks-hiding-locals-claim-deep-seamining- off-papua-new-guinea-has-stirred-up-trouble. Accessed May 31, 2022.

  • Vieira, S., Kinch, J., White, W., & Yaman, L. (2017). Artisanal shark fishing in the Louisiade Archipelago, Papua New Guinea: Socio-economic characteristics and management options. Ocean and Coastal Management, 137, 43–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webb, G. J., Manolis, S. C., & Brien, M. L. (2010). Saltwater crocodile crocodylus porosus. Crocodiles. In S. C. Manolis & C. Stevenson, Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, 4rd edn. (pp. 99–113) Crocodile Specialist Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • West, P. (2014). “Such a site for play, this edge”: Surfing, tourism, and modernist fantasy in Papua New Guinea. The Contemporary Pacific, 26(2), 411–432.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, A. T., Aliño, P. M., Cros, A., Fatan, N. A., Green, A. L., Teoh, S. J., Teoh, S. J., Laroya, L., Peterson, N., Tan, S., Tighe, S. & Venegas-Li, R. (2014). Marine protected areas in the coral triangle: Progress, issues, and options. Coastal Management, 42(2), 87–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Wise Sr, J. P., Thompson, W. D., Wise, S. S., LaCerte, C., Wise, J., Gianios Jr, C., Zheng, T., Benedict, L., Mason, M. D., Payne, R., & Kerr, I. (2011). A global assessment of gold, titanium, strontium and barium pollution using sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) as an indicator species. Journal of Ecosystem and Ecography.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worm, B., Davis, B., Kettemer, L., Ward-Paige, C. A., Chapman, D., Heithaus, M. R., Kessel, S. T., & Gruber, S. H. (2013). Global catches, exploitation rates, and rebuilding options for sharks. Marine Policy, 40, 194–204

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Falk Huettmann .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Huettmann, F. (2023). “Come and Dive” in Papua New Guinea: Surfing, Reefs, Paper Park MPAs and Marine Conservation Issues in PNG Beyond Sharks, Whales, Crocodiles, Seagrass and ‘Developing a Resource’. In: Globalization and Papua New Guinea: Ancient Wilderness, Paradise, Introduced Terror and Hell. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20262-9_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics