Abstract
The present study focused on the different surface-based geophysical methods which are used to explore the subsurface aquifer characterizations including water availability. The principle of the Earth Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and different electrode array configurations like Schlumberger, Wenner, and dipole–dipole arrays is discussed in detail. Afterward, the surface nuclear magnetic resonance (surface NMR) technique is also described to measure the subsurface aquifer information like hydraulic conductivity and water content below the surface of the soil. The surface NMR hydraulic conductivity and decay time distribution curves complement the ERT results.
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Abbreviations
- ERT:
-
Electrical resistivity tomography
- 2D ERT:
-
Two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography
- Surface NMR:
-
Surface nuclear magnetic resonance
- NMR:
-
Nuclear magnetic resonance
- MRS:
-
Magnetic resonance sounding
- WC:
-
Water content
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Singh, U., Sharma, P.K. (2023). Non-invasive Subsurface Groundwater Exploration Techniques. In: Shukla, P., Singh, P., Singh, R.M. (eds) Environmental Processes and Management. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 120. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20208-7_1
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