Skip to main content

DProST: Dynamic Projective Spatial Transformer Network for 6D Pose Estimation

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Computer Vision – ECCV 2022 (ECCV 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 13666))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Predicting the object’s 6D pose from a single RGB image is a fundamental computer vision task. Generally, the distance between transformed object vertices is employed as an objective function for pose estimation methods. However, projective geometry in the camera space is not considered in those methods and causes performance degradation. In this regard, we propose a new pose estimation system based on a projective grid instead of object vertices. Our pose estimation method, dynamic projective spatial transformer network (DProST), localizes the region of interest grid on the rays in camera space and transforms the grid to object space by estimated pose. The transformed grid is used as both a sampling grid and a new criterion of the estimated pose. Additionally, because DProST does not require object vertices, our method can be used in a mesh-less setting by replacing the mesh with a reconstructed feature. Experimental results show that mesh-less DProST outperforms the state-of-the-art mesh-based methods on the LINEMOD and LINEMOD-OCCLUSION dataset, and shows competitive performance on the YCBV dataset with mesh data. The source code is available at https://github.com/parkjaewoo0611/DProST.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Brachmann, E., Krull, A., Michel, F., Gumhold, S., Shotton, J., Rother, C.: Learning 6D object pose estimation using 3D object coordinates. In: Fleet, D., Pajdla, T., Schiele, B., Tuytelaars, T. (eds.) ECCV 2014. LNCS, vol. 8690, pp. 536–551. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10605-2_35

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Brachmann, E., Michel, F., Krull, A., Yang, M.Y., Gumhold, S., et al.: Uncertainty-driven 6D pose estimation of objects and scenes from a single RGB image. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3364–3372 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cai, Z., Vasconcelos, N.: Cascade R-CNN: delving into high quality object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 6154–6162 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chen, X., Ma, H., Wan, J., Li, B., Xia, T.: Multi-view 3D object detection network for autonomous driving. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1907–1915 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chen, X., Dong, Z., Song, J., Geiger, A., Hilliges, O.: Category level object pose estimation via neural analysis-by-synthesis. In: Vedaldi, A., Bischof, H., Brox, T., Frahm, J.-M. (eds.) ECCV 2020. LNCS, vol. 12371, pp. 139–156. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58574-7_9

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Cheng, Y., et al.: 6D pose estimation with correlation fusion. In: 2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 2988–2994. IEEE (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Deng, J., Dong, W., Socher, R., Li, L.J., Li, K., Fei-Fei, L.: ImageNet: a large-scale hierarchical image database. In: 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 248–255. IEEE (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Di, Y., Manhardt, F., Wang, G., Ji, X., Navab, N., Tombari, F.: So-pose: exploiting self-occlusion for direct 6D pose estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 12396–12405 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gao, C., et al.: Generalizing spatial transformers to projective geometry with applications to 2D/3D registration. In: Martel, A.L., et al. (eds.) MICCAI 2020. LNCS, vol. 12263, pp. 329–339. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59716-0_32

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. He, K., Gkioxari, G., Dollár, P., Girshick, R.: Mask R-CNN. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 2961–2969 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  11. He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 770–778 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hinterstoisser, S., et al.: Model based training, detection and pose estimation of texture-less 3D objects in heavily cluttered scenes. In: Lee, K.M., Matsushita, Y., Rehg, J.M., Hu, Z. (eds.) ACCV 2012. LNCS, vol. 7724, pp. 548–562. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37331-2_42

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Hodaň, T., et al.: BOP challenge 2020 on 6D object localization. In: Bartoli, A., Fusiello, A. (eds.) ECCV 2020. LNCS, vol. 12536, pp. 577–594. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66096-3_39

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Hu, Y., Fua, P., Wang, W., Salzmann, M.: Single-stage 6D object pose estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2930–2939 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hu, Y., Hugonot, J., Fua, P., Salzmann, M.: Segmentation-driven 6D object pose estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3385–3394 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Iwase, S., Liu, X., Khirodkar, R., Yokota, R., Kitani, K.M.: Repose: fast 6D object pose refinement via deep texture rendering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 3303–3312 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Jaderberg, M., Simonyan, K., Zisserman, A., et al.: Spatial transformer networks. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 28, 2017–2025 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kingma, D.P., Ba, J.: Adam: a method for stochastic optimization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980 (2014)

  19. Labbé, Y., Carpentier, J., Aubry, M., Sivic, J.: CosyPose: consistent multi-view multi-object 6D pose estimation. In: Vedaldi, A., Bischof, H., Brox, T., Frahm, J.-M. (eds.) ECCV 2020. LNCS, vol. 12362, pp. 574–591. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58520-4_34

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Lepetit, V., Moreno-Noguer, F., Fua, P.: EPnP: an accurate O(n) solution to the PnP problem. Int. J. Comput. Vision 81(2), 155 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Li, Y., Wang, G., Ji, X., Xiang, Y., Fox, D.: DeepIM: deep iterative matching for 6D pose estimation. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 683–698 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Li, Z., Wang, G., Ji, X.: CDPN: coordinates-based disentangled pose network for real-time RGB-based 6-DOF object pose estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 7678–7687 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Marchand, E., Uchiyama, H., Spindler, F.: Pose estimation for augmented reality: a hands-on survey. IEEE Trans. Visual Comput. Graph. 22(12), 2633–2651 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mildenhall, B., Srinivasan, P.P., Tancik, M., Barron, J.T., Ramamoorthi, R., Ng, R.: NeRF: representing scenes as neural radiance fields for view synthesis. In: Vedaldi, A., Bischof, H., Brox, T., Frahm, J.-M. (eds.) ECCV 2020. LNCS, vol. 12346, pp. 405–421. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58452-8_24

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Nguyen-Phuoc, T., Li, C., Balaban, S., Yang, Y.L.: RenderNet: a deep convolutional network for differentiable rendering from 3D shapes. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 31 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Oberweger, M., Rad, M., Lepetit, V.: Making deep heatmaps robust to partial occlusions for 3D object pose estimation. In: Ferrari, V., Hebert, M., Sminchisescu, C., Weiss, Y. (eds.) ECCV 2018. LNCS, vol. 11219, pp. 125–141. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01267-0_8

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Park, K., Mousavian, A., Xiang, Y., Fox, D.: LatentFusion: end-to-end differentiable reconstruction and rendering for unseen object pose estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 10710–10719 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Park, K., Patten, T., Vincze, M.: Pix2Pose: pixel-wise coordinate regression of objects for 6d pose estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 7668–7677 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Park, K., Patten, T., Vincze, M.: Neural object learning for 6D pose estimation using a few cluttered images. In: Vedaldi, A., Bischof, H., Brox, T., Frahm, J.-M. (eds.) ECCV 2020. LNCS, vol. 12349, pp. 656–673. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58548-8_38

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  30. Paszke, A., et al.: PyTorch: an imperative style, high-performance deep learning library. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 32, 8026–8037 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Peng, S., Liu, Y., Huang, Q., Zhou, X., Bao, H.: PVNet: pixel-wise voting network for 6Dof pose estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4561–4570 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Rad, M., Lepetit, V.: BB8: a scalable, accurate, robust to partial occlusion method for predicting the 3D poses of challenging objects without using depth. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 3828–3836 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Ravi, N., et al.: Accelerating 3D deep learning with pytorch3D. arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.08501 (2020)

  34. Redmon, J., Farhadi, A.: YOLOv3: an incremental improvement. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.02767 (2018)

  35. Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R., Sun, J.: Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 28, 91–99 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Sitzmann, V., Thies, J., Heide, F., Nießner, M., Wetzstein, G., Zollhofer, M.: DeepVoxels: learning persistent 3D feature embeddings. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2437–2446 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Song, C., Song, J., Huang, Q.: HybridPose: 6D object pose estimation under hybrid representations. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 431–440 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Tremblay, J., To, T., Sundaralingam, B., Xiang, Y., Fox, D., Birchfield, S.: Deep object pose estimation for semantic robotic grasping of household objects. In: Conference on Robot Learning, pp. 306–316. PMLR (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Wang, C., et al.: DenseFusion: 6D object pose estimation by iterative dense fusion. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3343–3352 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Wang, G., Manhardt, F., Tombari, F., Ji, X.: GDR-Net: geometry-guided direct regression network for monocular 6D object pose estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 16611–16621 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Wang, H., Sridhar, S., Huang, J., Valentin, J., Song, S., Guibas, L.J.: Normalized object coordinate space for category-level 6d object pose and size estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2642–2651 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Xiang, Y., Schmidt, T., Narayanan, V., Fox, D.: PoseCNN: a convolutional neural network for 6D object pose estimation in cluttered scenes. In: Proceedings of Robotics: Science and Systems. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (2018). https://doi.org/10.15607/RSS.2018.XIV.019

  43. Xu, D., Anguelov, D., Jain, A.: PointFusion: deep sensor fusion for 3D bounding box estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 244–253 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Yen-Chen, L., Florence, P., Barron, J.T., Rodriguez, A., Isola, P., Lin, T.Y.: INeRF: inverting neural radiance fields for pose estimation. In: 2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 1323–1330. IEEE (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Zakharov, S., Shugurov, I., Ilic, S.: DPOD: 6D pose object detector and refiner. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1941–1950 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Zhu, M., et al.: Single image 3D object detection and pose estimation for grasping. In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 3936–3943. IEEE (2014)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This research was supported in part by LG AI Research, in part by Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) Grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) [NO.2021-0-01343, Artificial Intelligence Graduate School Program (Seoul National University)], and partially by the BK21 FOUR program of the Education and Research Program for Future ICT Pioneers, Seoul National University in 2022.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nam Ik Cho .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

1 Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (pdf 3390 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Park, J., Cho, N.I. (2022). DProST: Dynamic Projective Spatial Transformer Network for 6D Pose Estimation. In: Avidan, S., Brostow, G., Cissé, M., Farinella, G.M., Hassner, T. (eds) Computer Vision – ECCV 2022. ECCV 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13666. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20068-7_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20068-7_21

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-20067-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-20068-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics