Influence of Climate Change on Crop Yield and Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

Climate change (CC) is one of the serious matters regarding the global food supply, safety, and sustainability of agriculture. The population of the world is increasing at a rapid pace, especially in South Asia. To fulfill the food consumption of the growing population and encountering CC at the same time in agriculture is the toughest challenge of today’s world. The events like severe hot summer and extremely cold winters, uncertain prolonged seasons, and randomness of precipitation are the biggest evidence of CC. Global warming and increased anthropogenic human activities are meant to be the cause of CC. Crops at early and even advanced stages are significantly affected by CC, the processes like photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, plant growth, metabolic activities, and other chemical reactions. The variability of climate at the specific crop period slows down reactions within the plant which results in decreased crop production. There is a wide range of farmers with different socioeconomic conditions and life experiences. The progressive farmers have conceptualized the climate in recent years and updated their farm practices, while the others are still trying to cope up with CC. Thus, this is the need of time that farmers must be educated with the ongoing environmental conditions and best cropping pattern, crop rotation, and practices are informed so that the emerging issue of food security and safety of the developing world can be overcome. The review is carried out to understand the effect of CC on crop production and sustainable agriculture.