Skip to main content

AI Literacy from Educators’ Perspectives

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
AI Literacy in K-16 Classrooms

Abstract

After understanding AI literacy from the perspective of human-design factor, this chapter presents a conceptual framework introducing an expanded view of AI literacy from educators’ perspectives. It moves beyond technological competencies and tries to identify a more holistic and broader understanding about AI literacy education. When using these novel AI tools to teach, educators need to be equipped with adequate technological literacy skills and knowledge. In this way, they can teach AI literacy and promote other digital competencies such as collaboration and communication among their students in AI-driven environments. Since teachers may not have rich technical knowledge to apply AI educational applications to facilitate their teaching. As one of the most important twenty-first-century competencies, AI literacy can be conceptualized as the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to be competitive in the twenty-first-century workforce. Teacher education and professional development should be reworked to incorporate training in teaching key digital competencies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ahmad, S. F., Alam, M. M., Rahmat, M. K., Mubarik, M. S., & Hyder, S. I. (2022). Academic and administrative role of artificial intelligence in education. Sustainability, 14(3), 1101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahuja, V., & Nair, L. V. (2021). Artificial intelligence and technology in COVID Era: A narrative review. Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, 37(1), 28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akgun, S., & Greenhow, C. (2021). Artificial intelligence in education: Addressing ethical challenges in K-12 settings. AI and Ethics, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ally, M. (2019). Competency profile of the digital and online teacher in future education. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 20(2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Caena, F., & Redecker, C. (2019). Aligning teacher competence frameworks to 21st century challenges: The case for the European digital competence framework for educators (Digcompedu). European Journal of Education, 54(3), 356–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cetindamar, D., Kitto, K., Wu, M., Zhang, Y., Abedin, B., & Knight, S. (2022). Explicating AI literacy of employees at digital workplaces. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, X., Xie, H., Zou, D., & Hwang, G. J. (2020). Application and theory gaps during the rise of artificial intelligence in education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 1, 100002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crompton, H. (2017). ISTE standards for educators: A guide for teachers and other professionals. International Society for Technology in Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demchenko, M. V., Gulieva, M. E., Larina, T. V., & Simaeva, E. P. (2021). Digital transformation of legal education: Problems, risks and prospects. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 10(2), 297–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deeks, A. (2019). The judicial demand for explainable artificial intelligence. Columbia Law Review, 119(7), 1829–1850.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleason, B., & Von Gillern, S. (2018). Digital citizenship with social media: Participatory practices of teaching and learning in secondary education. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 21(1), 200–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gore, J. M., Miller, A., Fray, L., Harris, J., & Prieto, E. (2021). Improving student achievement through professional development: Results from a randomised controlled trial of quality teaching rounds. Teaching and Teacher Education, 101, 103297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guerrero-Roldán, A. E., Rodríguez-González, M. E., Bañeres, D., Elasri-Ejjaberi, A., & Cortadas, P. (2021). Experiences in the use of an adaptive intelligent system to enhance online learners’ performance: A case study in economics and business courses. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1), 1–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Healy, E. F., & Blade, G. (2020). Tips and tools for teaching organic synthesis online. Journal of Chemical Education, 97(9), 3163–3167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, G. J., Xie, H., Wah, B. W., & Gašević, D. (2020). Vision, challenges, roles and research issues of artificial intelligence in education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 1, 100001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jokhan, A., Chand, A. A., Singh, V., & Mamun, K. A. (2022). Increased digital resource consumption in higher educational institutions and the artificial intelligence role in informing decisions related to student performance. Sustainability, 14(4), 2377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kexin, L., Yi, Q., Xiaoou, S., & Yan, L. (2020). Future education trend learned from the Covid-19 pandemic: Take artificial intelligence online course as an example. In 2020 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education (ICAIE) (pp. 108–111). IEEE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostopoulos, G., Panagiotakopoulos, T., Kotsiantis, S., Pierrakeas, C., & Kameas, A. (2021). Interpretable models for early prediction of certification in MOOCs: A case study on a MOOC for Smart City professionals. IEEE Access, 9, 165881–165891.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kutaka, T. S., Smith, W. M., Albano, A. D., Edwards, C. P., Ren, L., Beattie, H. L., Lewis, W. J., Heaton, R. M., & Stroup, W. W. (2017). Connecting teacher professional development and student mathematics achievement: A 4-year study of an elementary mathematics specialist program. Journal of Teacher Education, 68(2), 140–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, D., & Du, Y. (2017). Artificial intelligence with uncertainty. CRC Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, M. P. C., & Chang, D. (2020). Enhancing post-secondary writers’ writing skills with a chatbot. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 23(1), 78–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindfors, M., Pettersson, F., & Olofsson, A. D. (2021). Conditions for professional digital competence: The teacher educators’ view. Education Inquiry, 12(4), 390–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Misthou, S., & Paliouras, A. (2022). Teaching Artificial Intelligence in K-12 Education: Competences and Interventions. In Interactive Mobile Communication, Technologies and Learning, Springer, Cham, pp. 887–896.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohammed, Z., Arafa, A., Atlam, E. S., El-Qerafi, N., El-Shazly, M., Al-Hazazi, O., & Ewis, A. (2021). Psychological problems among the university students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 75(11), e14853.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council. (2012). Education for life and work: Developing transferable knowledge and skills in the 21st century. National Academies Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nazari, N., Shabbir, M. S., & Setiawan, R. (2021). Application of artificial intelligence powered digital writing assistant in higher education: Randomized controlled trial. Heliyon, 7(5), e07014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Chu, K. W. S., & Qiao, M. S. (2021a). AI literacy: definition, teaching, evaluation and ethical issues. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 58(1), 504–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Chu, S. K. W., & Qiao, M. S. (2021b). Conceptualizing AI literacy: An exploratory review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 100041.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, D. T. K., Luo, W., Chan, H. M. Y., & Chu, S. K. W. (2022). Using digital story writing as a pedagogy to develop AI literacy among primary students. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100054.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rampton, V., Mittelman, M., & Goldhahn, J. (2020). Implications of artificial intelligence for medical education. The Lancet Digital Health, 2(3), e111–e112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riina, V., Stefano, K., & Yves, P. (2022). DigComp 2.2: the digital competence framework for citizens – With new examples of knowledge, skills and attitudes. Retrieved from https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC128415

  • Seo, K., Tang, J., Roll, I., Fels, S., & Yoon, D. (2021). The impact of artificial intelligence on learner–instructor interaction in online learning. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1), 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sijing, L., & Lan, W. (2018). Artificial intelligence education ethical problems and solutions. In 2018 13th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE) (pp. 1–5). IEEE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S., Sharma, P. K., Yoon, B., Shojafar, M., Cho, G. H., & Ra, I. H. (2020). Convergence of blockchain and artificial intelligence in IoT network for the sustainable smart city. Sustainable Cities and Society, 63, 102364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trujillo-Cabezas, R. (2020, June). Towards the development of future trend scenarios through dynamic analysis: A proposal of integration of Artificial Intelligence, Data Sciences and the field of Futures Studies to adapt to new environments. In 2020 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI) (pp. 1–6). IEEE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uzialko, A. (2022). How artificial intelligence will transform businesses. Retrieved from https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/9402-artificial-intelligence-business-trends.html

  • Van Laar, E., Van Deursen, A. J., Van Dijk, J. A., & De Haan, J. (2017). The relation between 21st-century skills and digital skills: A systematic literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 577–588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webber-Youngman, R. C. W. (2017). Life skills needed for the 4th industrial revolution. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 117(4), iv–v.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, B., & Eynon, R. (2020). Historical threads, missing links, and future directions in AI in education. Learning, Media and Technology, 45(3), 223–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, J. Y., & Peng, Y. C. (2017). The modality effect on reading literacy: Perspectives from students’ online reading habits, cognitive and metacognitive strategies, and web navigation skills across regions. Interactive Learning Environments, 25(7), 859–876.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, J. S., Chien, T. H., Chien, L. R., & Yang, C. Y. (2021). Using artificial intelligence to predict class loyalty and plagiarism in students in an online blended programming course during the COVID-19 pandemic. Electronics, 10(18), 2203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yau, K. W., Chai, C. S., Chiu, T. K., Meng, H., King, I., & Yam, Y. (2022). A phenomenographic approach on teacher conceptions of teaching artificial intelligence (AI) in K-12 schools. Education and Information Technologies, 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education–where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 1–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zulić, H. (2019). How AI can change/improve/influence music composition, performance and education: three case studies. INSAM Journal of Contemporary Music, Art and Technology, 1(2), 100–114.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Ng, D.T.K., Leung, J.K.L., Su, M.J., Yim, I.H.Y., Qiao, M.S., Chu, S.K.W. (2022). AI Literacy from Educators’ Perspectives. In: AI Literacy in K-16 Classrooms. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18880-0_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18880-0_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-18879-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-18880-0

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics