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Green Nanomaterials as Potential Antimicrobials

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Abstract

Human desires and inquisitiveness often give rise to new scientific and technical developments. Nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructures (NS) comprise an active area of research and a rapidly expanding innovative business with a diverse array of application industries. Due to its changeable physicochemical features such as melting temperature, water sorption, electrical and thermal capacitance, catalytic activity, and light absorption and emission, NPs and NS have risen to prominence in technological advancements, resulting in greater efficiency than their bulk substance. In contrast to their bulk counterparts, the nanoscale properties of matter vary considerably by modifying the sizes and topologies of nanomaterials (NMs), as well as their other distinctive properties. The surface charge of nanoparticles governs various aspects of NMs, including the selective adsorption of nanoparticles. As surface charge is a main predictor of colloidal activity, it modulates the organism's reaction to nanoparticle exposure by modifying the nanoparticles’ shape and size through aggregation or agglomeration formation. Agglomerated carbon nanotubes have more adverse effects than well-dispersed carbon nanotubes and aggravate lung interstitial fibrosis. The morphology or shape of NMs differs based on their mode of synthesis. The key morphological properties are planarity, sphericity, and aspect ratio. Small aspect ratio morphologies are often round, oval, cubic, prismatic, spiral, or columnar. Morphologies with a high aspect ratio resemble zigzags, helixes, and belts. Carbon-based, organic, inorganic, bimetallic, composite, metallic, metallic oxides, silica-based, ceramic, and polymeric nanoparticles make up the bulk of current NMs. Bottom-up and top-down processes, including precipitation, reduction, green synthesis, spinning, biological synthesis, molecular self-assembly, and vapor-phase deposition, may be used to manufacture NMs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan

    Ali Haider

  2. Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ikram

  3. Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    Asma Rafiq

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  1. Ali Haider
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  2. Muhammad Ikram
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  3. Asma Rafiq
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Correspondence to Ali Haider .

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Haider, A., Ikram, M., Rafiq, A. (2023). Introduction. In: Green Nanomaterials as Potential Antimicrobials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18720-9_1

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