Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Directional Relaying Issues in Power Transmission Networks

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Energy and Environmental Aspects of Emerging Technologies for Smart Grid

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

  • 42 Accesses

Abstract

Due to the increasing demand for electrical energy, the limitation of conventional fossil fuels, and various environmental issues renewable energy sources are attracting more and more attention. Further, concerning the system stability and enhancement of the power transmission capacity flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices are playing a vital role. However, the incorporation of such power electronics-based devices causes variation in power system dynamics and demands up-gradation of existing protection schemes. The objective of this chapter includes directional relaying issues in the transmission network in the presence of various FACTS controllers and a photovoltaic solar plant. This chapter begins with the issues arising due to the presence of aforesaid devices. Next, new directional relaying techniques are presented to counter their effect. Various test cases are modeled using EMTDC/PSCAD. The proposed methods are analyzed using MATLAB. Numerous scenarios are taken in each case and few of them are discussed. The results obtained in all the cases show the efficacy of the proposed methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

AC:

Alternating current

ADIS:

Amplitude based directional relaying factor

CCVT:

Coupling capacitor voltage transformer

CT:

Current transformer

DC:

Direct current

DFID:

Downstream fault is detected

EMTDC:

Electromagnetic transients including DC

FACTS:

Flexible alternating current transmission system

Fx:

Upstream side

Fy:

Downstream side

JA:

Jiles-Atherton

K:

Reliability coefficient

PPS:

Proposed protection scheme

PSCAD:

Power system computer aided design

PV:

Photovoltaic

RF:

Fault resistance

SLG:

Single line to ground

SNR:

Signal to noise ratio

SSSC:

Static synchronous series compensator

SPVCG:

Solar photovoltaic connected grid

SPT:

Single pole tripping

STATCOM:

Static synchronous compensator

Th:

Threshold

UFID:

Upstream fault is detected

UPFC:

Unified power flow controller

WC:

With capacitor

WGN:

White Gaussian noise

WOC:

Without capacitor

WSSC:

Western system coordinated council

X:

Reactance

References

  1. Wang B, Dong X, Bo Z, Klimek A (2010) Negative-sequence pilot protection with applications in open-phase transmission lines. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 25(3):1306–1313. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2048129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Jena P, Pradhan AK (2014) Directional relaying during secondary arc using negative-sequence superimposed technique. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 30(3):1626–1628. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2373056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Biswal M, Pati BB, Pradhan AK (2013) Directional relaying for double circuit line with series compensation. IET Gener Transm Distrib 7(4):405–413. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2012.0602

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Jafarian P, Sanaye-Pasand M (2011) High-speed superimposed-based protection of se-ries-compensated transmission lines. IET Gener Transm Distrib 5(12):1290–1300. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Calero F, Hou D (2005) Practical considerations for single-pole-trip line-protection schemes. In: 58th annual conference for protective relay engineers IEEE, pp 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2005.1430423

  6. IEEE Power System Relaying Committee Working Group (1992) Single phase tripping and auto reclosing of transmission lines IEEE committee report. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 7(1):182–192. https://doi.org/10.1109/61.108906

  7. Biswal M, Biswal S (2017) A positive-sequence current based directional relaying approach for CCVT subsidence transient condition. Protect Control Mod Power Syst 2:8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-017-0038-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kumar J, Jena P (2017) Directional relaying in presence of STATCOM during single pole tripping. IET Sci Meas Technol 11(5):673–680. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt.2016.0305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Jena P, Pradhan AK (2010) A positive-sequence directional relaying algorithm for series-compensated line. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 25(4):2288–2298. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2047122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Pradhan AK, Jena P (2008) Solution to close-in fault problem in directional relaying. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 23(3):1690–1692. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2008.923149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Adly AR, El Sehiemy RA, Abdelaziz AY (2016) A negative sequence superimposed pilot protection technique during single pole tripping. Electric Power Syst Res 137:175–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2016.03.038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Jena P, Pradhan AK (2013) Directional relaying during single-pole tripping using phase change in negative-sequence current. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 28(3):1548–1557. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2258687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Jalilian A, Hagh MT, Hashemi SM (2014) An innovative directional relaying scheme based on post-fault current. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 29(6):2640–2647. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2312019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ukil A, Deck B, Shah VH (2010) Current-only directional overcurrent relay. IEEE Sens J 11(6):1403–1404. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2010.2094186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Pradhan AK, Routray A, Gudipalli SM (2007) Fault direction estimation in radial distribution system using phase change in sequence current. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 22(4):2065–2071. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2007.905340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Gu B, Tan J, Wei H (2014) High speed directional relaying algorithm based on the fundamental frequency positive sequence superimposed components. IET Gener Transm Distrib 8(7):1211–1220. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Yadav A, Swetapadma A (2015) Enhancing the performance of transmission line directional relaying, fault classification and fault location schemes using fuzzy inference system. IET Gener Transm Distrib 9(6):580–591. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.0498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Biswal M, Pati BB, Pradhan AK (2012) Directional relaying of series-compensated line using an integrated approach. Electric Power Comp Syst 40(7):691–710. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.0498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Yadav A, Dash Y, Ashok V (2016) ANN based directional relaying scheme for protection of Korba-Bhilai transmission line of Chhattisgarh state. Protect Control Mod Power Syst 1(1):15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-016-0029-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Yadav A, Thoke AS (2011) ANN based directional fault detector/classifier for protection of transmission lines. Int J Comput Sci Inf Technol 2:2426–2433

    Google Scholar 

  21. Swetapadma A, Yadav A (2017) An innovative finite state automata based approach for fault direction estimation in transmission lines. Measurement 99:13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.09.046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Adly AR, El-Sehiemy RA, Abdelaziz AY (2017) A directional protection scheme during single pole tripping. Electric Power Syst Res 144:197–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2016.12.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. McLaren PG, Dirks E, Jayasinghe RP, Fernando I, Swift GW, Zhang Z (1997) A positive sequence directional element for numerical distance relays. In: Proceedings of conference on developments in power system protection. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp:19970072

  24. Momoh JA, Reddy SS (2014) Optimal location of FACTS for ATC enhancement. In: IEEE PES general meeting | conference and exposition, national harbor, MD, USA1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939507

  25. Dash PK, Pradhan AK, Panda G, Liew AC (2000) Adaptive relay setting for flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). IEEE Trans Power Deliv 15(1):38–43. https://doi.org/10.1109/61.847226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Samantaray SR, Tripathy LN, Dash PK (2009) Differential equation-based fault locator for unified power flow controller-based transmission line using synchronised phasor measurements. IET Gener Trans Distrib 3(1):86–98. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd:20080285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Jafarian P, Sanaye-Pasand M (2011) High-speed superimposed-based protection of series-compensated transmission lines. IET Gener Transm Distrib 5(12):1290–1300. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hohm D, Ropp M (2000) Comparative study of maximum power point tracking algorithms using an experimental, programmable, maximum power point tracking test bed. In: Conference record of the twenty-eighth IEEE photovoltaic specialists conference—2000 (Cat. No. 00CH37036), pp 1699–1702. https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2000.916230

  29. Abdelsalam AK, Massoud AM, Ahmed S, Enjeti PN (2011) High-performance adaptive perturb and observe mppt technique for photovoltaic based microgrids. IEEE Trans Power Electron 26(4):1010–1021. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2011.2106221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Salkuti SR (2022) Emerging and advanced green energy technologies for sustainable and resilient future grid. Energies 15(18):6667. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186667

  31. Pai FS, Chao RM (2010) A new algorithm to photovoltaic power point tracking problems with quadratic maximization. IEEE Trans Energy Conver 25(1):262–264. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2009.2032575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Prakash T, Mohanty SR, Singh VP (2020) PMU-assisted zone-3 protection scheme for PV integrated power systems immune to interharmonics. IEEE Syst J 14(3):3267–3276. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2020.2964742

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Agartala, Jirania, Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India

    Samima Akter

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, O P Jindal University Raigarh, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh, 496109, India

    Sandeep Biswal

  3. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50370, Wrocław, Poland

    Waldemar Rebizant

Authors
  1. Samima Akter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sandeep Biswal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Waldemar Rebizant
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sandeep Biswal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Railroad and Electrical Engineering, Woosong University, Daejeon, Taejon-jikhalsi, Korea (Republic of)

    Surender Reddy Salkuti

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Akter, S., Biswal, S., Rebizant, W. (2024). Directional Relaying Issues in Power Transmission Networks. In: Salkuti, S.R. (eds) Energy and Environmental Aspects of Emerging Technologies for Smart Grid. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18389-8_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18389-8_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-18388-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-18389-8

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation