Abstract
Tiina Sotkasiira examines Finland’s ‘Welcoming Countryside’ policy. Drawing on qualitative data collected from participant observations and interviews with diverse groups of migrants living and working in rural areas of Finland, this chapter explores what enables and facilitates migrants to stay long term in rural regions. From a Nordic perspective, this chapter produces new empirical and migrant-led insight into the notion of ‘welcoming’ rural communities and the diverse lived experiences of rural migrants in Finland. This chapter also acknowledges the contradictory processes, through which migrants are, on the level of regional politics, constituted as very important members of rural communities, while simultaneously in their everyday lives experience discrimination and face difficulties as they attempt to navigate life locally.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ahmad, A. (2019). When the name matters: An experimental investigation of ethnic discrimination in the Finnish labor market. Sociological Inquiry, 90(3), 468–496. https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12276
Allard, E. (1975). Att ha, att älska, att vara: on väljfjärdi Norden. Argos.
Allardt, E. (1993). Having, loving, being: An alternative to the Swedish model of welfare research. In M. Nussbaum & A. Sen (Eds.), The quality of life (pp. 88–94). Clarendon Press.
Armila, P., Käyhkö, M., & Pöysä, V. (2018). On the educational edges of a learning society: The Finnish hinterland as a framework of educational choices for young people. Journal of Youth Studies, 21(9), 1198–1125. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2018.1453128
Berg-Nordlie, M. (2018). New in town. Small-town media discourses on immigrants and immigration. Journal of Rural Studies, 64, 210–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.05.007
Bonifacio, G. T., & Drolet, J. (Eds.). (2017). Canadian perspectives on immigration in small cities. Springer.
Cambridge, P., & Williams, L. (2004). Approaches to advocacy for refugees and asylum seekers: A development case study for a local support and advice service. Journal of Refugee Studies, 17(1), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/17.1.97
Cortazzi, M. (2001). Narrative analysis in ethnography. In P. Atkinson, A. Coffey, S. Delamont, J. Lofland, & L. Lofland (Eds.), Handbook of ethnography (pp. 384–394). Sage.
Davydova-Minguet, O., & Pöllänen, P. (2018). Hyvinvointi rajaseudulla asuvien venäläisten maahanmuuttajanaisten arjessa. In J. Hiitola, K. Turtiainen, & M. Anis (Eds.), Maahanmuutto, palvelut ja hyvinvointi (pp. 169–188). Kohtaamisissa kehittyviä käytäntöjä.
Davydova-Minguet, O., & Sotkasiira, T. (2014). Tutkijoiden, kansalaistoimijoiden ja viranomaisten kohtaamisia maahanmuuttotyössä. In L. Haikkola, N. Pyrhönen, M. Pentikäinen, & T. Pauha (Eds.), Ulos kammioista! Muuttoliikkeiden ja etnisyyden tutkimus yhteiskunnallisena vaikuttamisena (pp. 66–85). Society for the Study of Ethnic Relations and International Migration.
de Lima, P. (2011). Boundary crossings: Migration, belonging/ ‘un-belonging’ in rural Scotland. In C. Hedberg & R. do Carmo (Eds.), Translocal ruralism: Mobility and connectivity in European rural space (pp. 203–217). Springer.
de Lima, P. (2016). International migration: The well-being of migrants. Dunedin Academic Press.
Derwing, T. M., & Krahn, H. (2008). Attracting and retaining immigrants outside the metropolis: Is the pie too small for everyone to have a piece? The case of Edmonton, Alberta. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 9(2), 185–202.
Esses, V. M., Hamilton, L. K., Caroline Bennett-Abu Ayyash, C., & Burstein, M. (2010). Characteristics of a welcoming community. University of Western Ontario.
Flynn, M., & Kay, R. (2017). Migrants’ experiences of material and emotional security in rural Scotland: Implications for longer-term settlement. Journal of Rural Studies, 52, 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.03.010
Gibson, R., & Annis, R. (2019). Rural immigration and welcoming communities. In M. Vittuari, J. Devlin, M. Pagani, & T. Johnson (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of comparative rural policy (pp. 162–172). Routledge.
Gibson, R., Bucklaschuk, J., & Annis, R. (2017). Working together: Collaborative response to welcoming newcomers in Brandon, Manitoba. In G. Bonifacio & J. Drolet (Eds.), Canadian perspectives on immigration in small cities (pp. 35–53). Springer.
Guo, S., & Guo, Y. (2016). Immigration, integration and welcoming communities: Neighbourhood-based initiative to facilitate the integration of newcomers in Calgary. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 48(3), 45–67. https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2016.0025
Hedberg, C., & Haandrikman, K. (2014). Repopulation of the Swedish countryside: Globalisation by international migration. Journal of Rural Studies, 34, 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.01.005
Hedlund, M., Carson, D., Eimermann, M., & Lundmark, L. (2017). Repopulating and revitalising rural Sweden? Re-examining immigration as a solution to rural decline. The Geographical Journal, 18(4), 400–413. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12227
Helminen, V., Nurmio, K., & Vesanen, S. (2020). Kaupunki-maaseutu-alueluokitus 2018. Finnish Environment Institute.
Hiitola, J., Turtiainen, K., & Vuori, J. (2020). Small agency and precarious residency in Afghan refugee families. In J. Hiitola, K. Turtiainen, S. Gruber, & M. Tiilikainen (Eds.), Family life in transition. Borders, transnational mobility, and welfare Society in Nordic Countries (pp. 177–187). Routledge.
Hugo, G., & Morén-Alégret, R. (2008). International migration to non-metropolitan areas of high income countries: Editorial introduction. Population Space Place, 14(6), 473–477. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.515
Immigration Services of New Zealand (2017). Welcoming communities. Available at https://www.immigration.govt.nz/about-us/what-we-do/welcoming-communities
Jokinen, E., Könönen, J., Venäläinen, J., & Vähämäki, J. (Eds.). (2011). “Yrittäkää edes!” Prekarisaatio Pohjois-Karjalassa. Episteme.
Karinen, R., Luukkonen, T., and Oosi, O. (2020). Low-threshold guidance and counselling services for immigrants. Final report of the study. .
Keskinen, S. (2016). From welfare nationalism to welfare chauvinism: Economic rhetoric, the welfare state and changing asylum policies in Finland. Critical Social Policy, 36(3), 352–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261018315624170
Kisiara, O. (2015). Marginalized at the centre: How public narratives of suffering perpetuate perceptions of refugees’ helplessness and dependency. Migration Letters, 12(2), 162–171. https://doi.org/10.33182/ml.v12i2.250
Könönen, J. (2018). Differential inclusion of non-citizens in a universalistic welfare state. Citizenship Studies, 22(1), 53–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2017.1380602
Kuusio, H., Seppänen, A., Jokela, S., Somersalo, L., & Lilja, E. (2020). Ulkomaalaistaustaisten terveys ja hyvinvointi Suomessa: FinMonik-tutkimus 2018–2019. Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare.
Lund, D. E., & Hira-Friesen, P. (2013). Measuring the welcoming capacities of host urban and rural communities. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 45(3), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2013.0043
Lynch, P. (2017). Mundane welcome: Hospitality as life politics. Annals of Tourism Research, 64, 174–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.04.001
McAreavey, R. (2017). New immigration destinations: Migrating to Rural and peripheral areas. Routledge.
McAreavey, R., & Argent, N. (2018). New Immigration Destinations (NID) unravelling the challenges and opportunities for migrants and for host communities. Journal of Rural Studies, 64, 148–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.09.006
Mcintosh, A., & Cockburn-Wootten, C. (2019). Refugee-focused service providers: Improving the welcome in New Zealand. The Service Industries Journal, 27(39), 9–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2018.1472243
Ministry of the Interior. (2018). Work in Finland — Government migration policy programme to strengthen labour migration. Ministry of the Interior.
Murray, A., & Johnsen, S. (2011). Community hospitality initiatives: ‘Make a cup of tea first, ask questions later. Psychodynamic Practice, 17(3), 325–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/14753634.2011.587608
Myrskylä, P., & Pyykkönen, T. (2014). Suomeen muuttaneiden naisten ja miesten työmarkkinatilanne, koulutus ja poliittinen osallistuminen. Statistics Finland.
Nordbakke, S., & Schwanen, T. (2013). Well-being and mobility: A theoretical framework and literature review focusing on older people. Mobilities, 9(1), 104–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2013.784542
Nyman, J. (2015). British imaginings of a European periphery: Roger Scruton, Michael Palin and Michael Booth in/on Finland. Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 51(2), 144–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2015.1011847
Pirkkalainen, P., Mohamed, A., & Aaltio, I. (2018). Third Sector Hybridization and Migrant Integration: Cases of Two Migrant Youth Organizations in Finland. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organizational Studies, 23(2), 24–33.
Pöllänen, P. (2013). Hoivan rajat: Venäläiset maahanmuuttajanaiset ja ylirajainen perhehoiva. Väestöliitto.
Pöllänen, P., & Davydova-Minguet, O. (2017). Welfare, work and migration from a gender perspective: Back to “family settings”? Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 7(4), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1515/njmr-2017-0008
Raudaskoski, M., & Laine, J. (2018). Changing perceptions of the Finnish-Russian border in the post-Cold War context. In J. Laine, I. Liikanen, & J. Scott (Eds.), Post-Cold War Borders: Reframing political space in the EU’s Eastern Europe (pp. 129–146). Routledge.
Rural Policy Committee, Y. T. R. (2014). Mahdollisuuksien maaseutu – maaseutupoliittinen kokonaisohjelma 2014–2020. Rural Policy Committee YTR and Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment.
Sampedro, R., & Camarero, L. (2018). Foreign immigrants in depopulated Rural areas: Local social services and the construction of welcoming communities. Social Inclusion, 6(3), 337–346. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v6i3.1530
Sarvimäki, M. (2017). Labor market integration of refugees in Finland. VATT Institute for Economic Research.
Sheringham, C., & Daruwalla, P. (2007). ‘Transgressing hospitality: Polarities and disordered relationships’? In P. Lynch, A. Morrison, & C. Lashley (Eds.), Hospitality: A social lens. Elsevier.
Sireni, M., Halonen, M., Hannonen, O., Hirvonen, T., Jolkkonen, A., Kahila, P., Kattilakoski, M. Kuhmonen H-M., Kurvinen, A., Lemponen, V., Rautiainen, S., Saukkonen P., and Åström, C. (2017). Rural survey 2017. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
Søholt, S., Stenbacka, S., & Nørgaard, H. (2018). Conditioned receptiveness: Nordic rural elite perceptions of immigrant contributions to local resilience. Journal of Rural Studies, 64, 220–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.05.004
Sotkasiira, T. (2016). Maahanmuuttajanuoret – suomalaisen syrjäseudun toiveiden tynnyri? In A. Kivijärvi & M. Peltola (Eds.), Lapset ja nuoret muuttoliikkeessä. Nuorten elinolot vuosikirja (pp. 181–196). Nuorisotutkimusseura.
Sotkasiira, T. (2018). Integration, Finnish Somalis and their right to everyday life. In P. Armila, M. Kananen, & Y. Kontkanen (Eds.), The contexts of diaspora citizenship: Somali communities in Finland and the United States (pp. 111–127). Springer.
Sotkasiira, T., & Haverinen, V. (2016). Battling for citizenship. A case study of Somali settlement in Lieksa, Finland. Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 6(2), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1515/njmr-2016-0014
Statistics Finland. (2020). Maahanmuuttajat väestössä. https://www.stat.fi/tup/maahanmuutto/maahanmuuttajat-vaestossa.html
Sutela, H. (2014). Ulkomaalaistaustaiset työelämässä. Ulkomaista syntyperää olevien työ ja hyvinvointi suomessa 2014. https://www.stat.fi/tup/maahanmuutto/art_2015-12-17_003.html
Turtiainen, K., Hiitola, J., Gruber, S., & Tiilikainen, M. (2020). Introduction: The changing welfare state. In J. Hiitola, K. Turtiainen, S. Gruber, & M. Tiilikainen (Eds.), Family life in transition. Borders, transnational mobility, and welfare Society in Nordic Countries (pp. 16–24). Routledge.
Uusitalo, E., & Assmuth, L. (2013). Having, loving, being in the periphery: Interpretations of locality in the National Landscape of Koli, Eastern Finland. In L. Silva & E. Figueiredo (Eds.), Shaping Rural areas in Europe: Perceptions and outcomes on the present and the future (pp. 57–73). Springer.
Vatanen, E., & Halonen, M. (2013). Maahanmuuttajat maaseutua uudistamassa: Esimerkkinä Lieksan matkailuelinkeino. Maaseudun uusi aika, 2(3), 89–113.
Wulff, M., Carter, T., Vineberg, R., & Ward, S. (2008). Special issue: Attracting new arrivals to smaller cities and Rural communities: Findings from Australia, Canada and New Zealand. International Migration & Integration, 9, 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-008-0048-x
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sotkasiira, T. (2023). Should I Stay or Should I Go? Developing Migrant-led Understandings of Welcoming Rural Communities. In: Kerrigan, N., de Lima, P. (eds) The Rural-Migration Nexus. Rethinking Rural. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18042-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18042-2_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-18041-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-18042-2
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)