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Ankle and Foot

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Essential Measurements in Pediatric Musculoskeletal Imaging

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Abstract

Because radiographic evaluation of the ankle and foot in children is a complex and often confusing subject, assessment of the alignment of the various segments (ankle, hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot) must be systematic: ankle and foot are examined separately after a brief description of radiographic technique and vocabulary; assessment of the hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot is approached sequentially, with emphasis on quantitative measurements and qualitative evaluation. Many measurements currently used in adult foot and ankle assessment have not been validated in children. Nevertheless, they have been included in this chapter to provide a comprehensive understanding of alignment in physiologic and pathologic conditions of the foot.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Imaging Department, Reine Fabiola Children’s University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium

    Giulia Negro

  2. Pediatric Imaging Department, Reine Fabiola Children’s University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

    Paolo Simoni

  3. Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York, NY, USA

    Hilary Umans

  4. Lenox Hill Radiology Associates, PC, NYC, USA

    Hilary Umans

Authors
  1. Giulia Negro
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  2. Paolo Simoni
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  3. Hilary Umans
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Imaging Department, Reine Fabiola Children’s University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

    Paolo Simoni

  2. Department of Radiology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand

    Maria Pilar Aparisi Gómez

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Negro, G., Simoni, P., Umans, H. (2023). Ankle and Foot. In: Simoni, P., Aparisi Gómez, M.P. (eds) Essential Measurements in Pediatric Musculoskeletal Imaging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17735-4_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17735-4_10

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-17734-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-17735-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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