Abstract
People-centered health services (PCHS) is one of the principles of Person Centered Medicine. Such services aim to place persons, people and the community at the center of the care model. It builds on person-centered health care to incorporate public and population health. The model of PCHS should evolve and adapt to meet the needs of the community and continue across the course of the lifetime. Importantly, sectors outside of healthcare should be engaged to ensure that social and societal needs are met. Empowerment and autonomy of communities is essential to attaining people-centered health services. The fundamental objectives of PCHS models is to attain a system that is efficient, effective, sustainable, and just.
Clinical care across the world is often unaccountable to the populations it serves. During the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic, it became evident that the healthcare system in many countries was hospital centric and could not meet the demands of testing, high level care, and response to communities that was needed to curtail a health crisis. Had effective PCHS been in place, targeted social planning, linkages across private sectors, and collaboration with communities may have been achieved. Specifically, PCHS is often attained through primary care and public health.
Illustratively, clinical perspectives from Belgium and Bolivia are provided in this chapter to contextualize appropriate people-centered care. Though often labor intensive, community-based interventions and policies that support these interventions enable PCHS to prosper. Policies that support primary care, population health, and reframe healthcare expenditures are needed to advance PCHS. Additionally, workforce distribution should focus on communities and emphasize a diverse set of primary care and population health specialists. By aligning workforce, governance, population health, autonomy, and coordinated care, it is possible to build a more equitable, people-centered health system.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Pan American Health Organization. Universal health in the 21st century: 40 years of Alma-Ata (report of the high-level commission), revised edition. Washington, DC: PAHO; 2019.
World Health Assembly Update. [www.document]. 2019. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/22-05-2019-world-health-assembly-72-update. Accessed 4 Nov 19.
Cloninger CR, Salvador-Carulla L, Kirmayer LJ, Schwartz MA, Appleyard J, Goodwin N, Groves J, Hermans MHM, Mezzich JE, van Staden CW, Rawaf S. A time for action on health inequities: foundations of the 2014 Geneva declaration on person- and people-centered integrated health care for all. Int J Pers Cent Med. 2014;4:69–89.
World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific. People-centred health care: a policy framework. Manila: World Health Organization, Western Pacific Region; 2007.
Fracolli LA, Gomes MFP, Nabão FRZ, Santos MS, Cappellini VK, de Almeida ACC. Primary health care assessment tools: a literature review and metasynthesis. Cienc Saude Colet. 2014;19:4851–60. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320141912.00572014.
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Enhancing patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR): creating a national small-area social determinants of health data platform. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation; n.d.
Davis K, Schoenbaum SC, Audet A. A 2020 vision of patient-centered primary care. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20:953–7.
Stange KC, Nutting PA, Miller WL, Jaén CR, Crabtree BF, Flocke SA, Gill JM. Defining and measuring the patient-centered medical home. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25:601–12.
Ekman I, Swedberg K, Taft C, Lindseth A, Norberg A, Brink E, Carlsson J, Dahlin-Ivanoff S, Johansson I-L, Kjellgren K, Lidén E, Öhlén J, Olsson L-E, Rosén H, Rydmark M, Sunnerhagen KS. Person-centered care—ready for prime time. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2011;10:248–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2011.06.008.
Appleyard J, Rawaf S. Person centered medicine, primary care, and public health. Int J Pers Cent Med. 2015;5:97–100.
Roberts JL. Terminology: a glossary of technical terms on the economics and finance of health services. Copenhagen: World Health Organization; 1998.
World Health Organization. People-centered care in low- and middle-income countries. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
World Health Organization. Primary health care (now more than ever), the world health report; 2008.
World Health Assembly. Framework on integrated, people-centred health services: report by the Secretariat (No. 69); 2016.
World Health Organization. WHO global strategy on people-centred and integrated health services: interim report. World Health Organization; 2015. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/155002/WHO_HIS_SDS_2015.6_eng.pdf.
Simou E, Pliatsika P, Koutsogeorgou E, Roumeliotou A. Quality indicators for primary health care: a systematic literature review. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2015;21:E8–E16. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000037.
Veillard J, Cowling K, Bitton A, Ratcliffe H, Kimball M, Barkley S, Mercereau L, Wong E, Taylor C, Hirschhorn LR, Wang H. Better measurement for performance improvement in low- and middle-income countries: the primary health care performance initiative (PHCPI) experience of conceptual framework development and indicator selection. Milbank Q. 2017;95:836–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12301.
Perry HB, Zulliger R, Rogers MM. Community health workers in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: an overview of their history, recent evolution, and current effectiveness. Annu Rev Public Health. 2014;35:399–421. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182354.
Kohler JC, Martinez MG. Participatory health councils and good governance: healthy democracy in Brazil? Int J Equity Health. 2015;14:21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-015-0151-5.
Blewett LA, Owen RA. Accountable care for the poor and underserved: Minnesota’s Hennepin Health Model. Am J Public Health. 2015;105:622–4. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302432.
Phillips RL, Liaw W, Crampton P, Exeter DJ, Bazemore A, Vickery KD, Petterson S, Carrozza M. How other countries use deprivation indices—and why the United States desperately needs one. Health Aff (Millwood). 2016;35:1991–8. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0709.
Berwick D, Fox DM. “Evaluating the quality of medical care”: Donabedian’s classic article 50 years later. Milbank Q. 2016;94:237–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12189.
Steinwachs DM, Hughes RG. Health services research: scope and significance. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient safety and quality: an evidence-based handbook for nurses, advances in patient safety. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2008.
Starfield B. Primary care: an increasingly important contributor to effectiveness, equity, and efficiency of health services. SESPAS report 2012. Gac Sanit. 2012;26 Suppl 1:20–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.10.009.
Walji MF, Karimbux NY, Spielman AI. Person-centered care: opportunities and challenges for academic dental institutions and programs. J Dent Educ. 2017;81:1265–72. https://doi.org/10.21815/JDE.017.084.
World Health Organization. Health Systems Service Delivery [www.document]. WHO. 2019. https://www.who.int/healthsystems/topics/delivery/en/. Accessed 10 Oct 19.
World Health Organization. Health Services [www.document]. WHO. 2019. http://www.who.int/topics/health_services/en/. Accessed 10 Oct 19.
Leyns CC, De Maeseneer J, Willems S. Using concept mapping to identify policy options and interventions towards people-centred health care services: a multi stakeholders perspective. Int J Equity Health. 2018;17:177.
Bitton A. The necessary return of comprehensive primary health care. Health Serv Res. 2018;53:2020–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.12817.
World Health Organization. Declaration of Astana, global conference on primary healthcare. Astana: World Health Organization; 2018.
English J. Training doctors for person-centered care. Acad Med J Assoc Am Med Coll. 2016;91:294–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000001073.
Santana MJ, Manalili K, Jolley RJ, Zelinsky S, Quan H, Lu M. How to practice person-centred care: a conceptual framework. Health Expect. 2018;21:429–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.12640.
Tejerina H, Soors W, De Paepe P, Santacruz EA, Closon M-C, Unger J-P. Socialist government health policy reforms in Bolivia and Ecuador: the underrated potential of integrated care to tackle the social determinants of health. Soc Med. 2009;4:226–34.
World Health Organization. Declaration on Primary Health Care [www.document]. 2019. https://www.who.int/primary-health/conference-phc/declaration. Accessed 10 Oct 19.
World Health Organization, UNICEF. A vision for primary health care in the 21st century: towards universal health coverage and the sustainable development goals. Astana: World Health Organization; 2018.
Universal Health Coverage | General Assembly of the United Nations. [www.document]. UN High Level Meet. Univ. Health Cover. N.Y. 2019. https://www.un.org/pga/73/event/universal-health-coverage/ Accessed 4 Nov 19.
Goodyear-Smith F, Bazemore A, Coffman M, Fortier RDW, Howe A, Kidd M, Phillips R, Rouleau K, van Weel C. Research gaps in the organisation of primary healthcare in low-income and middle-income countries and ways to address them: a mixed-methods approach. BMJ Glob Health. 2019;4:e001482. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001482.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Implementing high-quality primary care: rebuilding the foundation of health care. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2021.
Sinsky CA. Designing and regulating wisely: removing barriers to joy in practice. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166:677–8. https://doi.org/10.7326/M17-0524.
Sinsky CA, Willard-Grace R, Schutzbank AM, Sinsky TA, Margolius D, Bodenheimer T. In search of joy in practice: a report of 23 high-functioning primary care practices. Ann Fam Med. 2013;11:272–8. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1531.
Declaration of Alma-Ata. International conference on Primary Health Care, Alma-Ata, USSR, 6–12 September 1978. Development. 2004;47:159–61. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100047.
Eccles MP, Mittman BS. Welcome to implementation science. Implement Sci. 2006;1:1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-1-1.
Marshall M, Roland M. The future of the quality and outcomes framework in England. BMJ. 2017;359:j4681. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j4681.
Roland M, Campbell S. Successes and failures of pay for performance in the United Kingdom. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1944–9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMhpr1316051.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Huffstetler, A.N., Phillips, R.L., Leyns, C.C., Willis, J.S., Canchihuaman, F.A. (2023). People-Centered Health Services. In: Mezzich, J.E., Appleyard, W.J., Glare, P., Snaedal, J., Wilson, C.R. (eds) Person Centered Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17650-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17650-0_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-17649-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-17650-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)