Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Lifesaving and Emergency Surgical Procedures in Trauma Patients

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The High-risk Surgical Patient

Abstract

Damage control surgery represents a salvage procedure for trauma patients with the life-threatening triad of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy. Although nonoperative management has become the norm for many solid visceral injuries and some vascular injuries, surgical therapy for penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma remains an essential part of the overall management. The early management of trauma patients depends on the presence (or absence) of significant bleeding. Hemodynamically stable patients can undergo standard definitive surgical procedures, but patients in hemorrhagic shock should be treated according to damage control resuscitation principles, which can provide early hemorrhage control. We have attempted in this chapter to describe some essential lifesaving surgical procedures that can be used to gain access to the airway and control hemorrhage within the thoracic and abdominal cavities as well as the retroperitoneum and pelvis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Vissers RJ, Bair AE. Surgical airway techniques. In: Walls RM, Murphy MF, Lutern RC, editors. Manual of emergency airway management. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins/Wolters Kluwer Health; 2008. p. 192–220.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Morgan Schellenberg, Demetrios Demetriades. Cricothyroidotomy In: Demetriades Demetrios, Inaba, Kenji, Lumb Philip D., editors. Atlas of critical care procedures. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, Part of Springer Nature, 2018. p 32–40.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Akulian JA, Yarmus L, Feller-Kopman D. The role of cricothyrotomy, tracheostomy, and percutaneous tracheostomy in airway management. Anesthesiol Clin. 2015;33:357–67.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kim Boswell, Kevin M. Jones, Jeffrey Rea. Intubation, cricothyrotomy, tube thoracostomy, diagnostic peritoneal lavage, and local wound exploration. In: Scalea TM, editor. The shock trauma manual of operative techniques. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature AG; 2021. p. 127–148.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Randy B. Hebert, Sudip Bose, Sharon E. Mace. Cricothyrotomy and transtracheal jet ventilation. In: Roberts and Hedges (eds). Clinical procedures in emergency medicine. Philadelphia: Saunders-Elsevier; 2010. p. 110–123.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Chang SW, Ryu KM, Ryu J-W. Delayed massive hemothorax requiring surgery after blunt thoracic trauma over a 5-year period: complicating rib fracture with sharp edge associated with diaphragm injury. Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2018;5:60–5.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. García A, Millán M, Ordoñez CA, Burbano D, Parra MW, Caicedo Y, et al. Damage control surgery in lung trauma. Colomb Méd (Cali). 2021;52:e4044683.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Schellenberg M, Inaba K. Critical decisions in the management of thoracic trauma. Emerg Med Clin N Am. 2018;36:135–47.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Timm A, Maegele M, Lefering R, Wendt K, Wyen H. Trauma Register DGU(®). Pre-hospital rescue times and actions in severe trauma. A comparison between two trauma systems: Germany and the Netherlands. Injury. 2014;45(Suppl. 3):S43–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Clark GC, Schecter WP, Trunkey DD. Variables affecting outcome in blunt chest trauma: flail chest vs. pulmonary contusion. J Trauma. 1988;28:298–304.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Gaillard M, Hervé C, Mandin L, Raynaud P. Mortality prognostic factors in chest injury. J Trauma. 1990;30:93–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Chang SW, Ryu KM, Ryu JW. Delayed massive hemothorax requiring surgery after blunt thoracic trauma over a 5-year period: complicating rib fracture with sharp edge associated with diaphragm injury. Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2018;5:60–5.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. O’Connor JV, DuBose JJ, Scalea TM. Damage-control thoracic surgery: management and outcomes. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014;77:660–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Roberts DJ, Bobrovitz N, Zygun DA, Ball CG, Kirkpatrick AW, Faris PD, et al. Indications for use of damage control surgery in civilian trauma patients. A content analysis and expert appropriateness rating study. Ann Surg. 2016;263:1018–27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Manzano-Nunez R, Chica J, Gómez A, Naranjo MP, Chaves H, Muñoz LE, et al. The tenets of intrathoracic packing during damage control thoracic surgery for trauma patients: a systematic review. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2020;47:423–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Deane M, Galvagno SM, Moran B, Stein DM, Scalea TM, O’Connor JV. Shock, not blood pressure or shock index, determines the need for thoracic damage control following penetrating trauma. Shock. 2020;54:4–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Degiannis E, Geldenhuys DK, Degiannis JR, Maak M, Doll D. How we do it Emergency Department Thoracotomy for Penetrating Pulmonary Trauma: a practical, heuristic approach for the inexperienced in thoracic surgery. Albanian J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022;6:1007–9.

    Google Scholar 

  18. American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. ATLS advanced trauma life support, student course manual. 10th ed. Chicago: American College of Surgeons; 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Thies KC, Deakin CD, Lott C, Robinson D, Sabbe MB, Arafat R, et al. The European trauma course—trauma teaching goes European. Resuscitation. 2014;85:19–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. American College of Emergency Physicians. Emergency ultrasound guidelines. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;53:550–70.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Sonesson L, Boffard K, Lundberg L, Rydmark M, Karlgren K. Decision-making in management of the complex trauma patient: changing the mindset of the non-trauma surgeon. World J Surg. 2018;42:2392–7.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Inaba K, Lustenberger T, Recinos G, et al. Does size matter? A prospective analysis of 28–32 versus 36-40 French chest tube size in trauma. J Trauma. 2012;72:422–7.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Maezawa T, Yanai M, Huh JY, Ariyoshi K. Effectiveness and safety of small-bore tube thoracostomy (≤20 Fr) for chest trauma patients: a retrospective observational study. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38:2658–60.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Beer RG, Grimmett WG, Fraser JF. Appraisal of the endotracheal tube as an alternative to the intercostal catheter. Emerg Med Australas. 2010;22:573–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Sherren PB, Reid C, Habig K, Burns BJ. Algorithm for the resuscitation of traumatic cardiac arrest patients in a physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service. Crit Care. 2013;17:308.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Force S, Patterson GA. Anterolateral thoracotomy. Operative Tech Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;8:104–9.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Devasahayam RJ, Fabich RA, Tighe CA, Becker TE. Rare use of posterolateral thoracotomy in an Austere environment. Mil Med. 2020;185(3):530–1.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Deslauriers J, Mehran RJ. Posterolateral thoracothomy. Oper Tech Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;8:51–7.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Dürrleman N, Massard G. Posterolateral thoracotomy. Multimed Man Cardiothorac Surg. 2006;2006(810) mmcts.2005.001453

    Google Scholar 

  30. Siram S, Oyetunji T, Johnson SM, Khoury AL, White PM, Chang DC, et al. Predictors for survival of penetrating trauma using emergency department thoracotomy in an urban trauma center: the Cardiac Instability Score. J Natl Med Assoc. 2010;102:126–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Kanlerd A, Sapsamarn N, Auksornchart K. Is emergency department thoracotomy effective in trauma resuscitation? The Retrospective Study of the Emergency Department Thoracotomy in Trauma Patients at Thammasat University Hospital. Thailand J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2019;12:254–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Truhlář A, Deakin CD, Soar J, Khalifa GE, Alfonzo A, Bierens JJ, et al. Cardiac arrest in special circumstances section Collaborators. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 4. Cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation. 2015(95):148–201.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Seamon MJ, Haut ER, Van Arendonk K, Barbosa RR, Chiu WC, Dente CJ, et al. An evidence-based approach to patient selection for emergency department thoracotomy: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;79:159–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Nevins EJ, Bird NTE, Malik HZ, Mercer SJ, Shahzad K, Lunevicius R, et al. A systematic review of 3251 emergency department thoracothomies: is it time for a national database? Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2019;45:231–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Trunkey D. Initial treatment of patients with extensive trauma. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1259–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Morgan BS, Garner JP. Emergency thoracotomy—the indications, contraindications and evidence. J R Army Med Corps. 2009;155:87–93.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Moore EE, Knudson MM, Burlew CC, Inaba K, Dicker RA, Biffl WL, et al. Defining the limits of resuscitative emergency department thoracotomy: a contemporary western trauma association perspective. J Trauma. 2011;70:334–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Hunt PA, Greaves I, Owens WA. Emergency thoracotomy in thoracic trauma: a review. Injury. 2006;37:1–19.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Kirkpatrick AW, Ball CG, D'Amours SK, Zygun D. Acute resuscitation of the unstable adult trauma patient: bedside diagnosis and therapy. Can J Surg. 2008;51:57–69.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Leidel BA, Kanz KG, Kirchhoff C, Bürklein D, Wismüller A, Mutschler W. Cardiac arrest following blunt chest injury. Emergency thoracotomy without ifs or buts? Unfallchirurg. 2007;110:884–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Menaker J, Cushman J, Vermillion JM, Rosenthal RE, Scalea TM. Ultrasound-diagnosed cardiac tamponade after blunt abdominal trauma-treated with emergent thoracotomy. J Emerg Med. 2007;32:99–103.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Boczar ME, Howard MA, Rivers EP, Martin GB, Horst HM, Lewandowski C. A technique revisited: hemodynamic comparison of closed- and open-chest cardiac massage during human cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med. 1995;23:498–503.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Jackson RE, Freeman SB. Hemodynamics of cardiac massage. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1983;1:501–13.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Brownlow HA, Edibam C. Systemic air embolism after intercostal chest drain. Insertion and positive pressure ventilation in chest trauma. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2002;30:660–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Voigt P, Bach AG, Surov A. Coronary air embolism in a trauma patient. Clin Res Cardiol. 2017;106:933–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Aseni P, Rizzetto F, Grande AM, Bini R, Sammartano F, Vezzulli F, Vertemati M. Emergency department resuscitative thoracotomy: indications, surgical procedure and outcome. A narrative review. Am J Surg. 2021;221:1082–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Moriwaki Y, Sugiyama M, Yamamoto T, Tahara Y, Toyoda H, Kosuge T, et al. Outcomes from prehospital cardiac arrest in blunt trauma patients. World J Surg. 2011;35:34–45.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. LoCicero J 3rd, Mattox KL. Epidemiology of chest trauma. Surg Clin North Am. 1989;69:15–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Cothren CC, Moore EE. Emergency department thoracotomy for the critically injured patient: objectives, indications, and outcomes. World J Emerg Surg. 2006;1:4.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Simms ER, Flaris AN, Franchino X, Thomas MS, Caillot JL, Voiglio EJ. Bilateral anterior thoracotomy (clamshell incision) is the ideal emergency thoracotomy incision: an anatomic study. World J Surg. 2013;37:1277–85.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Korst RJ, Burt ME. Cervicothoracic tumors: results of resection by the “hemi-clamshell” approach. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;115:286–95.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Rusca M, Carbognani P, Bobbio P. The modified “Hemi-Clamshell” approach for tumors of the cervicothoracic junction. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;69:1961–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Wall J, Soltero E. Damage control for thoracic injuries. Surg Clin North Am. 1997;77:863–78.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Wiencek RG Jr, Wilson RF. Central lung injuries: a need for early vascular control. J Trauma. 1988;28:1418–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Mackowski MJ, Barnett RE, Harbrecht BG, Miller KR, Franklin GA, Smith JW, Richardson JD, Benns MV. Damage control for thoracic trauma. Am Surg. 2014;80:910–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Garcia A, Martinez J, Rodriguez J, Millan M, Valderrama G, Ordoñez C, et al. Damage-control techniques in the management of severe lung trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;78:45–50.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Rawlins R, Momin A, Platts D, El-Gamel A. European journal of cardio-thoracic traumatic cardiogenic shock due to massive air embolism. A possible role for cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002;22:845–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Garcia A, Martinez J, Rodriguez J, Millan M, Valderrama G, Ordoñez C, Puyana JC. Damage-control techniques in the management of severe lung trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg, 50. 2015;78:45. discussion 50-1

    Google Scholar 

  59. Vargo DJ, Battistella FD. Abbreviated thoracotomy and temporary chest closure: an application of damage control after thoracic trauma. Arch Surg. 2001;136:21–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Huh J, Wall MJ, Estrera AL, Soltero ER, Mattox KL. Surgical management of traumatic pulmonary injury. Am J Surg. 2003;186:620–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Marshall M. Thoracic incisions. In: Kaiser LR, Kron IL, Spray TL, editors. Mastery of cardiothoracic surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006. p. 28–33.

    Google Scholar 

  62. McMahon SV, Menon S, McDowell DT, Yeap B, Russell J, Corbally MT. The use of the trapdoor incision for access to thoracic inlet pathology in children. J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48:1147–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Steenberg RW, Ravitch MM. Cervicothoracic approachfor subclavian vessel injury from compound fracture ofthe clavicle. Considerations of subclavian-axillary exposures. Ann Surg. 1963;839–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Marcolini EG, Keegan J. Blunt Cardiac Injury. Emerg Med Clin N Am. 2015;33:519–27.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Dauphine C, Mckay C, De Virgilio C, Omari B. Selective use of cardiopulmonary bypass in trauma patients. Am Surg. 2005;71:46–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Wang C, Zhang L, Qin T, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in trauma patients: a systematic review. World J Emerg Surg. 2020;15:51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-020-00331-2.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Saia F, Marrozzini C, Ciuca C, Guastaroba P, Taglieri N, Palmerini T, et al. Emerging indications, in-hospital and long-term outcome of balloon aortic valvuloplasty in the transcatheter aortic valve implantation era. Euro Intervent. 2013;8:1388–97.

    Google Scholar 

  68. McGwin G Jr, Reiff DA, Moran SG, Rue LW 3rd. Incidence and characteristics of motor vehicle collision-related blunt thoracic aortic injury according to age. J Trauma. 2002;52:859–65. discussion 865-6

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Rabinsky I, Sidhu GS, Wagner RB. Mid-descending aortic traumatic aneurysms. Ann Thorac Surg. 1990;50:155–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Gelsomino S, Bidar E, Jainandunsing JS, Tielliu IFJ, Lorusso R, Johnson D, et al. Modified Gott shunt to avoid left ventricular overload and cerebral hypoperfusion during distal aortic arch surgery. J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech. 2019;5:65–7.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Jacobs JV, Hooft NM, Robinson BR, Todd E, Bremner RM, Petersen SR, Smith MA. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in blunt thoracic trauma: a study of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization database. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;79:1049–53. discussion 1053-4

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Foong TW, Ramanathan K, Chan KKM, MacLaren G. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during adult noncardiac surgery and perioperative emergencies: a narrative review. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021;35:281–97.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Magliocca JF, Magee JC, Rowe SA, Gravel MT, Chenault RH 2nd, Merion RM, et al. Extracorporeal support for organ donation after cardiac death effectively expands the donor pool. J Trauma. 2005;58:1095–101.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Johnsen NV, Betzold RD, Guillamondegui OD, Dennis BM, Stassen NA, Bhullar I, Ibrahim JA. Surgical management of solid organ injuries. Surg Clin North Am. 2017;97:1077–105.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Kozar RA, Feliciano DV, Moore EE, Moore FA, Cocanour CS, West MA, Davis JW, McIntyre RC Jr. Western Trauma Association/critical decisions in trauma: operative management of adult blunt hepatic trauma. J Trauma. 2011;71:1–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Asensio JA, Verde JM, Petrone P, Pérez-Alonso AJ, Marini C, Policastro A. Massive hepatic hemorrhage: initial steps in hemostasis. In: Ivatury RR, editor. Operative techniques for severe liver injury. New York: Springer. 2015. p. 41-56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1200-1

  77. Letoublon C, Amariutei A, Taton N, Lacaze L, Abba J, Risse O, Arvieux C. Management of blunt hepatic trauma. J Visceral Surg. 2016;153:33–43.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Ordoñez C, Parra MW, Millán M, Caicedo Y, Guzmán RM, Padilla N, et al. Damage control in penetrating liver trauma: fear of the unknown. Colomb Med (Cali). 2020;51:e-4134365.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Castaing, D., Scatton, O., Sa Cunha, A., Keel, M. Special maneuvers in liver trauma. In: Clavien PA, Sarr M, Fong Y, Miyazaki M, editors. Atlas of upper gastrointestinal and hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2016. p. 441-452. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46546-2_57

  80. Vargas-Ávila AL, Campos-Badillo JA, Pérez-Soto A, Castillejos-Márquez YS, Vargas-Flores J, Ávila-Rivera JL. Management of perforating liver injury with Bakri balloon. Present Case Cirujano Gen. 2019;41:47–53.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Bisulli M, Gamberini E, Coccolini F, Scognamiglio G, Agnoletti V. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of vena cava: an option in managing traumatic vena cava injuries. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018;84:211–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Pearl J, Chao A, Kennedy S, Paul B, Rhee P. Traumatic injuries to the portal vein: case study. J Trauma. 2004;56:779–82.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Peitzman AB, Marsh JW. Advanced operative techniques in the management of complex liver injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73:765–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Asensio JA, Roldan G, Petrone P, et al. Operative management and outcomes in 103 AAST-OIS grades IV and V complex hepatic injuries: trauma surgeons still need to operate, but angioembolization helps. J Trauma. 2003;54:647–53. discussion 653–654

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Di Saverio S, Catena F, Filicori F, Ansaloni L, Coccolini F, Keutgen XM, et al. Predictive factors of morbidity and mortality in grade IV and V liver trauma undergoing perihepatic packing: single institution 14 years experience at European trauma Centre. Injury. 2012;43:1347–54.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Barrie J, Jamdar S, Iniguez MF, Bouamra O, Jenks T, Lecky F, O'Reilly DA. Improved outcomes for hepatic trauma in England and Wales over a decade of trauma and hepatobiliary surgery centralisation. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2018;44:63–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Phelan H, Hunt JP, Wang YZ. Retrohepatic vena cava and juxtahepatic venous injuries. South Med J. 2001;94:728–31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Chen RJ, Fang JF, Lin BC, Jeng LB, Chen MF. Surgical management of juxtahepatic venous injuries in blunt hepatic trauma. J Trauma. 1995;38:886–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Heaney JP, Stanton WK, Halbert DS, Seidel J, Vice T. An improved technic for vascular isolation of the liver: experimental study and case reports. Ann Surg. 1966;163:237–741.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  90. Huguet C, Addario-Chieco P, Gavelli A, Arrigo E, Harb J, Clement RR. Technique of hepatic vascular exclusion for extensive liver resection. Am J Surg. 1992;163:602–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Burch JM, Feliciano DV, Mattox KL. The atriocaval shunt. Facts Fiction Ann Surg. 1988;207:555–68.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Rogers FB, Reese J, Shackford SR, Osler TM. The use of venovenous bypass and total vascular isolation of the liver in the surgical management of juxtahepatic venous injuries in blunt hepatic trauma. J Trauma. 1997;43:530–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Shchukin D, Lesovoy V, Garagatiy I, Khareba G, Hsaine R. Surgical approaches to supradiaphragmatic segment of IVC and right atrium through abdominal cavity during intravenous tumor thrombus removal. Adv Urol. 2014;2014:924269. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/924269.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  94. Kaemmerer D, Daffner W, Niwa M, Kuntze T, Hommann M. Reconstruction of a total avulsion of the hepatic veins and the suprahepatic inferior vena cava secondary to blunt thoracoabdominal trauma. Langenbeck's Arch Surg. 2011;396:261–5.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Krawczyk M, Grat M, Adam R, Polak EG, Klempnauer J, Pinna A. Liver transplantation for hepatic trauma: a study from the European Liver Transplant Registry. Transplantation. 2016;100:2372–81.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Cho SK, Kim SS, Do YS, Park KB, Shin SW, Park HS, Choo SW, Choo IW. Ischemic liver injuries after hepatic artery embolization in patients with delayed postoperative hemorrhage following hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery. Acta Radiol. 2011;52:393–400.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Asensio JA, Demetriades D, Berne JD, Falabella A, Gomez H, Murray J, et al. A unified approach to the surgical exposure of pancreatic and duodenal injuries. Am J Surg. 1997;174:54–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Santos EG, Sanchez AS, Verde JM, Marini CP, Asensio JA, Petrone P. Duodenal injuries due to trauma: review of the literature. Cirugía Española (English Edition). 2015;93:68–74.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Asensio JA, Feliciano DV, Britt LD, Kerstein MD. Management of duodenal injuries. Curr Probl Surg. 1993;30:1023–93.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Clarnette TD, Beasley SW. Handlebar injuries in children: patterns and prevention. Aust N Z J Surg. 1997;67:338–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Ramdass MJ, Harnarayan P. A decade of major vascular trauma: lessons learned from gang and civilian warfare. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2017;99:70–5.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  102. Degiannis E, Hauer T, Doll D. Thoracoabdominal injury. In: Velmahos G, Degiannis E, Doll D, editors. Penetrating trauma. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. 2016. p. 317–318. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49859-0_40.

  103. Cioffi W, Asensio JA, editors. Atlas of trauma/emergency surgical techniques. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Salotto J, Jurkovich GJ. Trauma laparotomy: principles and techniques. In: Mattox KL, Moore EE, Feliciano DV, editors. Trauma. 8th ed. New York, USA: Mc-Graw-Hill; 2017. p. 523–38.

    Google Scholar 

  105. King DR. Initial care of the severely injured patient. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(8):763–70. Copyright © 2019 Massachusetts Medical Society. Reprinted with permission from Massachusetts Medical Society

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Chiara O, editor. Trauma centers and acute care surgery. Updates in surgery. Cham: Springer; 2022. Springer Nature Switzerland AG

    Google Scholar 

  107. Feliciano DV. Management of traumatic retroperitoneal hematoma. Ann Surg. 1990;211:109–23.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  108. Wang F, Wang F. The diagnosis and treatment of traumatic retroperitoneal hematoma. Pak J Med Sci. 2013;29:573–6.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  109. Sahu KK, Mishra AK, George SV, Siddiqui AD. Managing retroperitoneal hematoma: Associated complexities and its challenges. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38:1957–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Accola KD, Feliciano DV, Mattox KL, Burch JM, Beall AC Jr, Jordan GL Jr. Management of injuries to the superior mesenteric artery. J Trauma. 1986;26:313–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Long B, Hafen L, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta: a review for emergency clinicians. J Emerg Med. 2019;56(6):687–97.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Reynolds CL, Celio AC, Bridges LC, Mosquera C, OʼConnell B, Bard MR, DeLaʼo CM, Toschlog EA. REBOA for the IVC? Resuscitative balloon occlusion of the inferior vena cava (REBOVC) to abate massive hemorrhage in retrohepatic vena cava injuries. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017;83(6):1041–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000001641.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Wikström MB, Krantz J, Hörer TM, Nilsson KF. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the inferior vena cava is made hemodynamically possible by concomitant endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta-A porcine study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020;88(1):160–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000002467.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Tötterman A, Madsen JE, Skaga NO, Røise O. Extraperitoneal pelvic packing: a salvage procedure to control massive traumatic pelvic haemorrhage. J Trauma. 2007;62:843–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Filiberto DM, Fox AD. Preperitoneal pelvic packing: technique and outcomes. Int J Surg. 2016;33:222–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Chiara O, di Fratta E, Mariani A, Michaela B, Prestini L, Sammartano F, Cimbanassi S. Efficacy of extra-peritoneal pelvic packing in hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures, a Propensity Score Analysis. World J Emerg Surg. 2016;11:22.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Emergenza Urgenza, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy

    Paolo Aseni

  2. Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Paolo Aseni

  3. University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Sharon Henry & Thomas M. Scalea

  4. Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy

    Antonino Massimiliano Grande

  5. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Henry Modor University Hospital. AP-HP, Paris-Est University, Créteil, France

    Antonio Fiore

Authors
  1. Paolo Aseni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sharon Henry
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Antonino Massimiliano Grande
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Antonio Fiore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Thomas M. Scalea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Emergenza Urgenza, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy

    Paolo Aseni

  2. Divisione di Cardiochirurgia, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Pavia, Italy

    Antonino Massimiliano Grande

  3. Div. of Emerg. Surg., Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland

    Ari Leppäniemi

  4. Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, General Surgery and Trauma Team, University of Milano, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy

    Osvaldo Chiara

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Aseni, P., Henry, S., Grande, A.M., Fiore, A., Scalea, T.M. (2023). Lifesaving and Emergency Surgical Procedures in Trauma Patients. In: Aseni, P., Grande, A.M., Leppäniemi, A., Chiara, O. (eds) The High-risk Surgical Patient. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17273-1_80

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17273-1_80

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-17272-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-17273-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation