Abstract
Chapter 5 concludes the study with a forward look not only of the reception of Tennessee Williams in China in the years ahead, but also, more importantly, of Western arts and literature in general, including drama/theatre, especially in light of the marked tightening of sociocultural and ideological control since the mid-2010s.
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Notes
- 1.
See “Xi Jinping’s Culture Wars,” China File, November 12, 2014, https://www.chinafile.com/conversation/xi-jinpings-culture-wars; “Xi Jinping on What’s Wrong with Contemporary Chinese Culture,” China File, October 26, 2015, https://www.chinafile.com/reporting-opinion/culture/xi-jinping-whats-wrong-contemporary-chinese-culture; Chang Che, “China’s Cultural Crackdown: A Guide,” MCLC Resource Center, December 7, 2021, https://u.osu.edu/mclc/2021/12/07/chinas-cultural-crackdown-a-guide/; Howard W. French, “China’s Culture Wars Are Just Getting Started,” September 15, 2021, https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/29958/a-rising-china-s-culture-wars-are-just-getting-started; Hongwei Bao, “What Does China’s ‘Cultural War’ Say About Culture? Film Quarterly, September 17, 2021, https://filmquarterly.org/2021/09/17/what-does-chinas-cultural-war-say-about-culture/; James Griffiths, “Xi Jinping’s Culture War Comes to China’s Campuses as Communist Party Prepares to Mark 100 Years,” CNN, April 20, 2021, https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/20/china/xi-jinping-universities-intl-hnk/index.html; Vincent Ni, and Helen Davidson, “China’s Cultural Crackdown: Few Areas Untouched as Xi Reshapes Society,” The Guardian, September 10, 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/10/chinas-cultural-crackdown-few-areas-untouched-as-xi-reshapes-society; and Damien Ma, “Beijing’s ‘Culture War’ Isn’t About the U.S.—It’s About China’s Future,” January 5, 2012, https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/01/beijings-culture-war-isnt-about-the-us-its-about-chinas-future/250900/.
- 2.
See “Jiandin ‘wenhua zixin xu dudong Xi Jinping zhe liu pian zhongyao jianghua (坚定“文化自信,” 须读懂习近平这6篇重要讲话 To firm up ‘cultural self-confidence these are six must-read Xi Jinping speeches), Xinhuanet, June 16, 2019, http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/xxjxs/2019-06/19/c_1124642114.htm; “Women weishemo yao wenhua zixin” (我们为什么要文化自信? Why do we need to have cultural self-confidence?), China.com.cn, June 1, 2020, http://xitheory.china.com.cn/2020-06/01/content_76112707.htm; and “Xi Jinping: Zengqiang wenhua zijue jiandin wenhua zixin zhanshi zhongguo wenyi xin qixiang zhujiu zhonghua wenhua xin huihuan” (习近平:增强文化自觉坚定文化自信 展示中国文艺新气象铸就中华文化新辉煌 Xi Jinping: Strengthen cultural self-consciousness, firm up cultural self-confidence, showcase China’s new vibrance in arts and literature, and mold and promote Chinese cultural glory), Xinhuanet, December 14, 2021, http://www.court.gov.cn/zixun-xiangqing-337181.html.
- 3.
See Yang Liying 杨利英, “Jin nian lai zhongguo wenhua “zou chu qu” zhanlue yanjiu zongshu” (近年来中国文化“走出去”战略研究综述 Overview of China culture “going out” strategy research in recent years), China Culture, February12, 2009, http://cn.cccweb.org/pubinfo/2020/04/28/200001004001/ebfe00815baa4b48900309964718b2a3.html; Wang Yuling 王玉玲, “Zhongguo wenhua ‘zou chu qu’ de lishi jiyu (中国文化“走出去”的历史机遇 Historical opportunities for Chinese culture “going out”), China Today, January 24, 2017, http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/chinese/sz/zggc/201701/t20170124_800086207.html; and Li Xiaoqun 李潇君, “推动中华文化走出去 增强国家文化软实力” (Tuidong zhonghua wenhua zou chu qu zengqiang guojia wenhua ruan shili (Pushing for Chinese culture going out, strengthening national cultural soft power), People, June 16, 2021, http://theory.people.com.cn/n1/2021/0616/c40531-32131322.html.
- 4.
See “Belt and Road Initiative,” World Bank, https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/regional-integration/brief/belt-and-road-initiative; and “China’s Massive Belt and Road Initiative,” Council on Foreign Relations, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative.
- 5.
See Shouhua Qi, Western Literature in China and the Translation of a Nation (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).
- 6.
James Davison Hunter, Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America (Basic Books, 1991); “America’s Culture Wars Will Intensify. The Defeat of Donald Trump will not Help,” The Economist, November 17, 2020, https://www.economist.com/the-world-ahead/2020/11/17/americas-culture-wars-will-intensify?gclid=Cj0KCQiAoY-PBhCNARIsABcz773jir3ke_iZabkNizE4jnw8wvnXAZdwuoVKPhhVgogJCcODmuyKR8AaAu3UEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds; Helen Lewis, “The World Is Trapped in America’s Culture War,” The Atlantic, October 27, 2020, https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2020/10/internet-world-trapped-americas-culture-war/616799/; Bobby Duffy and Kirstie Hewlett, “How Culture Wars Start—Is the UK Going Down the Same Road as the US?” Kings College London News Centre, May 24, 2021, https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/how-culture-wars-start; Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, “Culture Wars in the EU,” Active Measures Journal, July 23, 2021, https://www.iwp.edu/articles/2021/07/23/culture-wars-in-the-eu/; Yaroslav Trofimov, “The Culture War Dividing Europe: Historically Catholic Poland and Ireland Offer Divergent Visions of the Continent’s Future,” The Wall Street Journal, March 29, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-culture-war-dividing-europe-11553872752; and Frank Furedi, Populism and the European Culture Wars: The Conflict of Values between Hungary and the EU (Routledge, 2018).
- 7.
“A Look at What’s on Chinese President Xi Jinping’s Shelves,” People’s Daily, October 18, 2016, http://en.people.cn/n3/2016/1018/c90000-9128892.html.
- 8.
See also “Zhexie zuopin yingxiang Xi Jinping shu shi nian” (这些作品，影响习近平数十年 These works have influenced Xi Jinping for many years), October 20, 2016, https://news.12371.cn/2016/10/20/ARTI1476942635132147.shtml; and “Xi Jinping ‘dianzan’ guo de gu jin zhong wai wenxue zuopin (习近平“点赞”过的古今中外文学作品 Chinese and foreign ancient and modern classics Xi Jinping has ‘thumbed up’), People’s Daily, May 27, 2015, http://culture.people.com.cn/n/2015/0522/c87423-27039953-3.html.
- 9.
Based on information gleaned from Damai Wang (大麦网 Damai Net), https://detail.damai.cn, a Chinese equivalent of Box Office that sells tickets of all kinds of leisure and entertainment, e.g., concerts, sports events, theatre performances, and so on.
- 10.
See for example Karin Fischer, “China’s Higher-Ed Ambitions Are at Odds with Its Tightening Grip on Academic Freedom,” Chronicle of Higher Education, September 24, 2019, https://www.chronicle.com/article/chinas-higher-ed-ambitions-are-at-odds-with-its-tightening-grip-on-academic-freedom/.
- 11.
Cao Desheng, “Nation Remains Committed to Reform, Opening-Up,” China Daily, August 26, https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202008/26/WS5f4596a3a310675eafc55753.html; Tom Fowdy, “China Continues Reform and Opening Up to Further Integrate with the Global Economy,” December 28, 2021, http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2021-12/28/content_77956308.htm; and Jacques Delisle and Av Ery Goldstein, “China’s Economic Reform and Opening at Forty: Past Accomplishments and Emerging Challenges,” https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/9780815737254_ch1.pdf.
- 12.
Thomas Barker, “The Real Culture War: China vs U.S.: Soft Power in the Age of Covid,” The Institute of Art and Ideas, July 22, 2021, https://iai.tv/articles/the-real-culture-war-china-vs-u-s-auid-1844.
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Qi, S. (2022). Conclusion. In: Culture, History, and the Reception of Tennessee Williams in China. Chinese Literature and Culture in the World. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16934-2_5
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