Abstract
This final chapter summarizes the discussions conducted throughout the book and considers the possible futures for democracy in Brazil and in the rest of the world after the crisis of neoliberalism and the rise of the new extreme right.
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Notes
- 1.
As Quinn Slobodian, Globalists: The End of Empire and the Birth of Neoliberalism (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2018), has irretocably shown.
- 2.
Wendy Brown, In the Ruins of Neoliberalism: The Rise of Antidemocratic Politics in the West. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019.
- 3.
Wolfgang Streeck, How Will Capitalism End? London: Verso, 2016, p. 41.
- 4.
Although not to be confused with Streeck’s position, Nancy Fraser’s diagnosis is close to Streeck’s in that she also identifies a divorce or disconnect between “systemic integration” and “social integration,” to use Streeck’s Lockwood terms. In Fraser’s version, which is not a Habermasian or a Lockwoodian one, this distinction is rather that of a contradiction between economics and politics that is inherent to capitalism. In texts subsequent to 2015, Fraser turns rather to Karl Polanyi to formulate her position. This shift toward Polanyi may allow us to approximate Fraser’s position with that of Wendy Brown, provided they are thought of in this context. See, in this regard, Nancy Fraser and Rahel Jaeggi, Capitalism: A Conversation in Critical Theory. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2018.
- 5.
Wolfgang Streeck, How Will Capitalism End? op. cit., p. 14.
- 6.
Wendy Brown, In the Ruins of Neoliberalism, op. cit., p. 15.
- 7.
Ibid., p. 13, my emphasis.
- 8.
Ibid., p. 16.
- 9.
The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017.
- 10.
Especially Capital in the Twenty-First Century (2017) and Capital and Ideology (2019), both published by Belknap Press (Cambridge).
- 11.
See Marcos Nobre and Maurício de Carvalho Amazonas (Eds.), Desenvolvimento sustentável: A institucionalização de um conceito. Brasília: Ibama, 2002.
- 12.
Paolo Gerbaudo, The Mask and the Flag: Populism, Citizenism and Global Protest. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
- 13.
Ibid., p. 134.
- 14.
Vinicius Torres Freire, “The most expensive food in 32 years,” Folha de S.Paulo, 13 Apr. 2022, p. A15.
- 15.
Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot, De La Justification: Les économies de la grandeur. Paris: Gallimard, 1991.
- 16.
Luc Boltanski and Ève Chiapello, The new spirit of capitalism. London and New York: Verso, 2007, p. 104.
- 17.
In this regard, see Yuen Yuen Ang, China’s Gilded Age: The Paradox of Economic Boom and Vast Corruption (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020).
- 18.
On this, see the extraordinary book by Robert Castel. Les Métamorphoses de la question sociale: Une chronique du salariat. Paris: Fayard, 1995.
- 19.
In the sense of proposals such as that of Rodrigo Orair, Theo Ribas Palomo and Laura Carvalho, “O resgate da progressividade tributária: Uma agenda para a justiça social e ambiental” (In: Felipe Salto, João Villaverde and Laura Karpuska, Reconstrução: O Brasil dos anos 20. São Paulo: SaraivaJur, 2022) or, in a different correlation of forces, that of Bernard Appy, Eurico de Santi, Isaias Coelho, Nelson Machado and Vanessa Rahal Canado, “Tributação no Brasil: O que está errado e como fixar” (In: Yoshiaki Nakano (Ed.), O Brasil sob reforma. Rio de Janeiro: FGV Editora, 2020).
- 20.
In my understanding, this is also the sense in which goes the text by Alessandra Maia, “Geringonça à brasileira: Conexões Pindamonhangaba-Lisboa e coalizões saudáveis,” Ateliê de Humanidades, 18 Dec. 2021. Available at ateliedehumanidades.com/2021/12/18/fios-do-tempo-geringonca-a-brasileira-by-alessandra-maia. Accessed March 2, 2022.
- 21.
Eva Simon, “Rights Groups: MEPs Should Ensure Interoperability in Digital Services Act.” Available at www.liberties.eu/en/stories/open-letter-libe-digital-services-act/43686. Accessed April 19, 2022.
- 22.
Gerard de Graaf, “The DSA and DMA Proposals: Ground-Breaking Rules for Digital Platforms, Serving both Consumers and Companies.” Available at www.friendsofeurope.org/insights/the-dsa-and-dma-proposals-ground-breaking-rules-for-digital-platforms-serving-both-consumers-and-companies. Accessed April 19, 2022.
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Nobre, M. (2022). Final Considerations. In: Limits of Democracy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16392-0_6
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