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A Historical Perspective on the Role of Imaging in Deep Brain Stimulation

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Deep Brain Stimulation

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Abstract

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established and widely used neurosurgical therapy in which depth electrodes are implanted within the brain and used to deliver electrical pulses to modulate dysfunctional neural activity in nearby circuits. A stereotactic, minimally invasive procedure, DBS is heavily reliant on pre-operative brain imaging to achieve accurate and precise placement of stimulating electrodes, which in turn is critical for conferring maximal clinical benefit. The current chapter reviews the history of brain imaging in DBS—particularly DBS of the subthalamic nucleus for treatment of Parkinson’s disease—as it pertains to pre-operative targeting, providing a chronology of the various technologies and approaches that have been used to guide electrode placement over the decades. It describes the now antiquated technique of ventriculography—the earliest widely used form of pre-operative imaging—and recounts its gradual replacement by modern CT and MRI modalities. It also addresses the general shift from indirect to direct MRI targeting approaches and concludes with an overview of recent and ongoing advances in DBS imaging.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Gavin J. B. Elias, Aazad Abbas, Aaron Loh & Jürgen Germann

  2. Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Gavin J. B. Elias, Aazad Abbas, Aaron Loh & Jürgen Germann

  3. Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Michael L. Schwartz

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  3. Aaron Loh
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  4. Jürgen Germann
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  5. Michael L. Schwartz
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Correspondence to Michael L. Schwartz .

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  1. Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Alexandre Boutet

  2. Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Andres M. Lozano

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Elias, G.J.B., Abbas, A., Loh, A., Germann, J., Schwartz, M.L. (2022). A Historical Perspective on the Role of Imaging in Deep Brain Stimulation. In: Boutet, A., Lozano, A.M. (eds) Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Deep Brain Stimulation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16348-7_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16348-7_2

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