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Active Tectonics–Climate Interaction in the Structural Depo-Centres of Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ)

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Science, Policies and Conflicts of Climate Change

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Abstract

The Late Cenozoic period in the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) marked by several episodes of crustal adjustments resulted in the development of various landforms, drainage anomalies and pedosedimentary successions. The fault bound tectonic basins viz. Tapi, Purna and Narmada flanking the Satpura ranges hold tell-tale evidence of varying climatic and tectonic regimes. This chapter summarizes data from various literature, the Active Fault Mapping programme in CITZ and the fluvial archives to unravel the role of the tectonics-climate feedback system in shaping landscape architecture in and around the structurally controlled Quaternary River basins of Purna, Tapi and Narmada. The cumulative interactions between the deformational events and ongoing surface processes are best witnessed by the marker horizons, anomalous river courses, basin geometry, hill slopes and elevation characteristics and the way these have influenced its depositional environment. The study suggests that repeated reactivation of older crustal-scale faults under different stress regimes have been a guiding factor in landform evolution in CITZ. While tectonics holds the primary key to the overall landscape development and sedimentation, peninsular climatic or microclimatic variations have equally been significant as palaeo-climatic proxies mimic all India monsoon scenarios.

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Acknowledgements

The paper is the result of a decade of work by the authors on the characterization of the active faults and paleoclimate of inland basins flanking the Satpura ranges as a part of the annual programme of the Geological Survey of India. Dr. Abhinaba Roy, Sr. DDG (Retired), GSI has always been an overbearing influence as a mentor, and his contributions can never be repaid. Dr. Anjan Kumar Chatterjee, ADG (Retired), GSI had stood stoically with the authors for undertaking this project and is remembered with gratitude. The authors thankfully acknowledge Dr. M. K. Devarajan for his major contribution to mapping SNSF and GFZ. Dr. D.K. Pal, Head (Retired), Soil Sciences Division, NBSS & LUP is thanked for the stimulating discussions the authors had with him on the various aspects of soil micromorphological studies. The authors are also indebted to Dr. K.S. Misra, Sr. DDG (Retired), GSI for his encouragement. Dr. O.P. Mishra, Scientist ‘G’ and Director, NCS, Ministry of Earth Sciences has been a continued inspiration over the years; he has shared the earthquake record for this paper. Lastly, the authors place on record their gratitude for Dr. Neloy Khare, Scientist ‘G’, Ministry of Earth Sciences for his invitation to contribute to this volume and for his continuous encouragement. The Director-General, GSI is thanked for his kind encouragement to publish the chapter.

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    Snigdha Ghatak & Mriganka Ghatak

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Ghatak, S., Ghatak, M. (2022). Active Tectonics–Climate Interaction in the Structural Depo-Centres of Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ). In: Khare, N. (eds) Science, Policies and Conflicts of Climate Change. Springer Climate. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16254-1_12

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