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Deep Learning–Based Bathymetry Mapping from Multispectral Satellite Data Around Europa Island

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European Spatial Data for Coastal and Marine Remote Sensing

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Abstract

Bathymetry studies are important to monitor the changes occurring in coastal topographies, to update navigation charts, and to understand the dynamics of the marine environment. Satellite-derived bathymetry enables rapid mapping of large coastal areas through measurement of optical penetration of the water column. In this study, bathymetry prediction is investigated using Pleiades multispectral satellite data. This research work explores the possibility of using very-high-resolution multispectral satellite data with a deep learning U-Net-inspired neural network architecture to infer bathymetry estimates around Europa Island (22o20′S, 40o22′E), which is a coralline island in the Mozambique Channel. This study is among the first to provide an overview suitable for bathymetry mapping using a deep learning approach based on optical satellite data. An airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) dataset of 1 m resolution is used as ground truth to train the model. From experiments, the overall accuracy evaluation of the model shows a good relationship (R2 = 0.99, standard error = 0.492) between the predicted and reference depth values that satisfy the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S-57 Category of Zone of Confidence (CATZOC) levels A1, A2, B, and C (IHO, 2014). These predicted bathymetry values could potentially be incorporated into electronic navigational charts. The image reconstruction shows accurate results to estimate bathymetry in the shallow waters with mean absolute error not exceeding 1.5 m in that case. The U-Net-inspired deep learning technique exhibits promising outcomes to predict water depth from very-high-resolution satellite data to operate bathymetry mapping automatically over a wide area.

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Acknowledgments

The first author would like to acknowledge the Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree (EMJMD) consortium for funding the Copernicus Master in Digital Earth joint program with the University of Salzburg and the University of South Brittany. Authors also thank the Indian Ocean sea Turtle (IOT) INTERREG project and Litto3D program for providing the satellite and LiDAR data, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS IRISA, Vannes, France

    Khishma Modoosoodun Nicolas, Sébastien Lefèvre & Jean-Christophe Burnel

  2. Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

    Khishma Modoosoodun Nicolas & Dirk Tiede

  3. IMT Atlantique, UMR CNRS Lab-STICC, Brest, France

    Lucas Drumetz

  4. Ifremer, Dynamiques des Ecosystèmes Côtiers, LEBCO, Plouzané, France

    Touria Bajjouk

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  1. Khishma Modoosoodun Nicolas
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  2. Lucas Drumetz
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  3. Sébastien Lefèvre
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  5. Touria Bajjouk
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Correspondence to Khishma Modoosoodun Nicolas .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory LETG-Brest, UMR 6554 CNRS, University of Western Brittany, Plouzané, France

    Simona Niculescu

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Nicolas, K.M., Drumetz, L., Lefèvre, S., Tiede, D., Bajjouk, T., Burnel, JC. (2023). Deep Learning–Based Bathymetry Mapping from Multispectral Satellite Data Around Europa Island. In: Niculescu, S. (eds) European Spatial Data for Coastal and Marine Remote Sensing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16213-8_6

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