Abstract
In this paper a theoretical model is presented for the automated generation of plot-consistent, emotion-centered, novel narratives based on a cognitive-appraisal model of emotions. The background theory is reviewed, relevant to the morphing of narratives, composed of 28 emotion categories, 24 emotion intensity variables, and ~400 channels for emotion expression, which has been implemented in an AI program called the Affective Reasoner (AR). Extending previous work on generated narratives, examples are given of the specification of Goals, Standards, Preferences (GSPs) and Relationships for Affective Reasoning agents within the context of a base plot. These, in turn, are shown to be used in the automated generation of AR personalities suitable for inhabiting the base plot, and capable of a wide range of emotional responses within the constraints of this same original narrative. In this way millions of plausible story variations can be generated by the AR with a wide range of themes. Generation of the fortunes-of-others emotions is emphasized as part of narrative generation. In this scheme, AR agents, in recursive psychological mind reading use beliefs about the GSPs of other agents with whom they have relationships to form their own responsive emotions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
A human does not always express an emotion. Sometimes, for example, emotions are suppressed, or repressed.
References
Elliott, C.: Affective Story-morphing: manipulating Shelley’s Frankenstein under program control using emotionally intelligent agents. In: Proceedings of SAI Intelligent Systems Conference, pp. 526–542 (2021)
Elliott, C., Brzezinski, J., Sheth, S., Salvatoriello, R.: Story-morphing in the affective reasoning paradigm: generating stories semi-automatically for use with emotionally intelligent multimedia agents. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents (1998)
Elliott, C.: Why boys like motorcycles: using emotion theory to find structure in humorous stories. Unpublished paper, School of Computer Science, DePaul University, Chicago (1999)
Reagan, A.J.: Towards a science of human stories: using sentiment analysis and emotional arcs to understand the building blocks of complex social systems (2017)
Fodor, J.A.: The Language of Thought, vol. 5, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1975)
Rescorla, M.: The Language of Thought Hypothesis (2019). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/language-thought/. Accessed 14 Apr 2021
Lakoff, G.: The contemporary theory of metaphor (1993)
Bermúdez, J.L.: Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Science of the Mind, 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, New York (2020)
McClelland, J.L., McNaughton, B.L., O’Reilly, R.C.: Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory. Psychol. Rev. 102, 419 (1995)
Bruner, J.S.: On perceptual readiness. Psychol. Rev. 64, 123 (1957)
Shank, R.C.: Tell Me a Story: Narrative and Intelligence. Northwestern University Press, Evanston (1990)
MasterClass: Complete Guide to Literary Themes: Definition, Examples, and How to Create Literary Themes in Your Writing, 15 February 2021. https://www.masterclass.com/articles/the-complete-guide-to-narrative-theme-in-literature-definition-examples-and-writing-how-to#what-is-a-literary-theme. Accessed 15 Feb 2021
Kim, E., Padó, S., Klinger, R.: Investigating the relationship between literary genres and emotional plot development. In: Proceedings of the Joint SIGHUM Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Cultural Heritage, Social Sciences, Humanities and Literature (2017)
Ortony, A., Clore, G.L., Collins, A.: The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1988)
Elliott, C.: I picked up catapia and other stories: a multimodal approach to expressivity for emotionally intelligent agents. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents (1997)
Elliott, C., Ortony, A.: Point of view: modeling the emotions of others. In: Proceedings 14th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (1992)
Elliott, C.: The affective reasoner: a process model of emotions in a multi-agent system. Technical report #32 (1991)
Elliott, C., Siegle, G.: Variables influencing the intensity of simulated affective states. In: AAAI Spring Symposium on Reasoning about Mental States: Formal Theories and Applications (1993)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Elliott, C. (2023). The Unfortunate Footnote: Using the Affective Reasoner to Generate Fortunes-of-Others Emotions in Story-Morphs. In: Arai, K. (eds) Intelligent Systems and Applications. IntelliSys 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 542. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16072-1_51
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16072-1_51
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-16071-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-16072-1
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)