Skip to main content
Book cover

Vehicle and Automotive Engineering

VAE 2022: Vehicle and Automotive Engineering 4 pp 933–945Cite as

Numerical Simulation of Laser Beam Welding of Stainless Steel and Copper Butt Joint

  • 707 Accesses

Part of the Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering book series (LNME)

Abstract

The paper aims to design a simulation of a butt weld made of stainless steel and copper by a laser beam. The concept of the problem solution is based on a non-experimental method of thermomechanical and stress-strain analysis of the laser welding process of dissimilar materials, which can largely predict suitable welding parameters for real experiments and thus effectively reduce welding defects. All simulation steps were performed using ANSYS simulation software. A Gaussian volumetric heat source was used for the simulation. The physical and mechanical properties of the materials are temperature dependent and must be defined in the simulation software. The ANSYS SpaceClaim module was used to create the geometric model. The geometric model is dimensionally identical to the sample used in the real experiment. The initial conditions in the numerical simulation were determined based on the initial state of the experimental sample. Real samples were welded using a disk laser; parameters were set based on simulation. The results of the thermal analysis are used to examine the temperature fields created in the welding process. They are used to optimize welding parameters. According to experimental and simulation results, there is a different maximum temperature in the weld metal on the copper side as well as on the steel side due to a higher coefficient of thermal conductivity of copper. The results of the stress-strain analysis consist of two parts. The first part examines the effect of clamping on the stresses arising in the welding process, and the second part is focused on the overall deformation. Due to the small differences in the values of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the metals used and the small dimensions of the test specimens, the residual stresses and strains are negligible.

Keywords

  • Laser welding
  • Numerical simulation
  • Dissimilar butt joint
  • Eletro tough pitch copper
  • Stainless steel

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15211-5_78
  • Chapter length: 13 pages
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
eBook
USD   219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • ISBN: 978-3-031-15211-5
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
Softcover Book
USD   279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Learn about institutional subscriptions
Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.

References

  1. Zhang, X., Pan, T., Flood, A., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Liou F.: Investigation of copper/stainless steel multi-metallic materials fabricated by laser metal deposition. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 811 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141071

  2. Sadeghian, A., Iqbal, N.: A review on dissimilar laser welding of steel-copper, steel-aluminum, aluminum-copper, and steel-nickel for electric vehicle battery manufacturing. Opti. Laser Technol. 146 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107595

  3. Incropera, F., DeWitt, D., Bergman, T., Lavine, A.: Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 112, 6th edn. Wiley, New York (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chandelkar, V., Pradhan, S.K.: Numerical simulation of temperature distribution and experimentation in laser beam welding of SS317L alloy. Mater. Today Proc. 27 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.331

  5. Akella, S., Harinadh, V, Krishna, Y., Buddu, R.K.: A welding simulation of dissimilar materials SS304 and copper. Procedia Mater. Sci. 5 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.490

  6. Antony, K., Rakeshnath, T.R.: Dissimilar laser welding of commercially pure copper and stainless steel 316L. Mater. Today Proc. 26 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.043

  7. Chen, H.C., Bi, G., Nai, M.L.S., Wei, J.: Enhanced welding efficiency in laser welding of highly reflective pure copper. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 216 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.09.020

  8. Kuryntsev, S.V., Morushkin, A.E., Gilmutdinov, A.K.: Fiber laser welding of austenitic steel and commercially pure copper butt joint. Opt. Lasers Eng. 90 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2016.10.008

  9. Meng, Y., Li, X., Gao, M., Zeng, X.: Microstructures and mechanical properties of laser-arc hybrid welded dissimilar pure copper to stainless steel. Opt. Laser Technol. 111 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.09.050

  10. Mannucci, A., Tomashchuk, I., Vignal, V., Sallamand, P., Duband, M.: Parametric study of laser welding of copper to austenitic stainless steel. Procedia CIRP 74 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2018.08.160

  11. Aghaee Attar, M., Ghoreishi, M., Malekshahi Beiranvand, Z.: Prediction of weld geometry, temperature contour and strain distribution in disk laser welding of dissimilar joining between copper & 304 stainless steel. Optik (Stuttg) 219 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.165288

  12. Vemanaboina, H., Akella, S., Buddu, R.K.: Welding process simulation model for temperature and residual stress analysis. Procedia Mater. Sci. 6 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.135

  13. Chen, S., Huang, J., Xia, J., Zhang, H., Zhao, X.: Microstructural characteristics of a stainless steel/copper dissimilar joint made by laser welding. Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. 44(8) (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1693-z

  14. Agrawal, H., Sharma, P., Tiwari, P., Taiwade R.V., Dayal R.K.: Evaluation of self-healing behaviour of AISI 304 stainless steel. Trans. Indian Inst. Metals 68(4) (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-014-0467-7

  15. Mascaraque-Ramirez, C., Franco, P.: Experimental study of surface finish during electro-discharge machining of stainless steel. Procedia Eng. 132 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.547

  16. Khobragade, N.N., Khan, M.I., Patil, A.P.: Corrosion behaviour of chrome–manganese austenitic stainless steels and AISI 304 stainless steel in chloride environment. Trans. Indian Inst. Met. 67(2) (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-013-0345-8

  17. Balusamy, T., Kumar, S., Sankara Narayanan, T.S.N.: Electrochemical behaviour of surface modified AISI 304 grade stainless steel in Ringer’s solution. Trans. Indian Inst. Metals 64(4–5) (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-011-0076-7

  18. Chandrasekar, G., Kailasanathan, C., Verma, D.K., Nandagopal, K.: Optimization of welding parameters, influence of activating flux and investigation on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of activated TIG weldments of AISI 316 L stainless steel. Trans. Indian Inst. Met. 70(3) 2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-017-1046-5

  19. European Copper Institute: Properties of Cu-ETP. Last adr

    Google Scholar 

  20. Knych, T.A., Smyrak, B., Walkowicz, M.: Selected aspects of evolution properties of oxygen free copper for high-advanced electrotechnical application. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267411152_Selected_aspects_of_evolution_properties_of_oxygen_free_copper_for_high-advanced_electrotechnical_application. Accessed 2011

  21. Freudenberger, J., Warlimont, H.: Copper and copper alloys. In: Warlimont, H., Martienssen, W. (eds.) Springer Handbook of Materials Data. SH, pp. 297–305. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69743-7_12

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  22. Segl’a, P., Miklos, D., Melnik, M.: Structures, Physico-Chemical Properties and Biological Activities of Copper (II) Pyridinecarboxylates (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Unni, A.K., Vasudevan, M.: Determination of heat source model for simulating full penetration laser welding of 316 LN stainless steel by computational fluid dynamics. Mater. Today Proc. 45 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.842

  24. Nothdurft, S., Springer, A., Kaierle, S.: Influencing the weld pool during laser welding. Adv. Laser Mater. Process. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-101252-9.00010-8

  25. Engineering ToolBox. Materials - Light Reflecting Factors. https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/light-material-reflecting-factor-d_1842.html

Download references

Acknowledgement

This contribution was supported by the Agency for the Promotion of Research and Development under contract no. APVV-18-0116. The experiment was also solved within the diploma theses, which are part of the project outputs and by the Vedecká grantová agentúra VEGA grant agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, project No. 1/0499/21.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Material Science, and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Jána Bottu 2781/25, 91724, Trnava, Slovak Republic

    Martin Hnilica, Erika Hodúlová, Miroslav Sahul, Pavel Kovačócy, Beáta Šimeková & Ingrid Kovaříková

Authors
  1. Martin Hnilica
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Erika Hodúlová
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Miroslav Sahul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Pavel Kovačócy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Beáta Šimeková
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ingrid Kovaříková
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Erika Hodúlová .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Energy Engineering and Chemical Machinery, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary

    Károly Jármai

  2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Logistics, University of Miskolc, Miskolc, Hungary

    Ákos Cservenák

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Hnilica, M., Hodúlová, E., Sahul, M., Kovačócy, P., Šimeková, B., Kovaříková, I. (2023). Numerical Simulation of Laser Beam Welding of Stainless Steel and Copper Butt Joint. In: Jármai, K., Cservenák, Á. (eds) Vehicle and Automotive Engineering 4. VAE 2022. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15211-5_78

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15211-5_78

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-15210-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-15211-5

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)