Abstract
This chapter contextualizes transnational 中文 (Zhōngwén/Chinese) education in Australia by first reviewing transnational 中文 (Zhōngwén/Chinese) education in some major countries and areas where 中文 (Zhōngwén/Chinese) is taught, for example in some countries participated in the Belt and Road Initiative, in some European countries, in the US and Australia. Then 中文 (Zhōngwén/Chinese) education is contextualized in Australia especially by analyzing some relevant literature, starting from a policy perspective. It reveals issues in Australian Chinese education such as inconsistency in classroom instructional language, which paves a way for more studies in the area.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). (2017). Census of population and housing: Reflecting Australia—Stories from the census, 2016. (ABS Catalogue No. 2071.0). Retrieved on 20 December 2018 from, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Data%20Summary~30
Cai, H. (2020). Training model of Sri Lanka native Chinese language teachers under “the Belt and Road” initiative. China-Arab States Science and Technology Forum, 2, 5–6.
CFLEAC. (2021). The Chinese ministry of education: There are over 20 million 中文 (Zhōngwén/Chinese) learners overseas. Retrieved on 30 July 2021 from, http://www.chinese.cn/page/#/pcpage/article?id=689&page=3
Chen, Y. L., Yang, T. A., & Chen, H. L. (2017). Challenges encountered in a Chinese immersion program in the United States. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 26(3–4), 163–170.
Chen, Z. (2015). Challenges of teaching Chinese in Australian schools: Lesson from beginning teacher-researchers. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 6(5), 933–942.
Chen, Z. (2019). Training strategies for Chinese language teachers under the background of “The Belt and Road”—On Singapore’s “Research-Validate-Train” training strategy. Journal of Beihua University (Social Sciences), 20(3), 1–6.
Collins, J., & Reid, C. (2012). Immigrant teachers in Australia. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 4(2), 38.
Cui, X., La, W., & Wu, Y. (2020). Research on Chinese language teaching and promotion in Bosnia—Herzegovina under the belt and road initiative. Journal of Hubei Adult Education Institute, 26(7), 82–87.
De Kretser, A., & Spence-Brown, R. (2010). The current state of Japanese language education in Australian schools. Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations.
Fan, Q., & Sun, J. (2018). A preliminary study of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (TCFL) in Northern and Western European Countries since 2000. Journal of Jiamusi Vocational College, 182(1), 322–324.
Feng, J. (2021). The status quo of languages in four “Belt and Road” Southeast Asian Countries and the historical evolution of their Chinese language policy: On the promotion of Chinese in Southeast Asia by Yunnan. Journal of Yunnan Open University, 23(2), 97–103.
Forrest, J., Lean, G., & Dunn, K. (2017). Attitudes of classroom teachers to cultural diversity and multicultural education in Country New South Wales, Australia. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 42(5), 17–34.
Gao, H. (2011). An analysis of the phenomenon of global “Mandarin Fever.” Asian Social Science, 7(12), 253–257.
Guder, A. & Lee, H. (2018). Discussing CFL and teaching and learning Chinese characters from a European perspective: On the basis of “European Benchmarks for the Chinese Language (EBCL)”. Research on International Chinese Education, 18(2), 30–39. [顾安达, 李和舫. (2018). 从非汉字文化圈视角论中文作为外语与其汉字教学问题——以“欧洲汉语能力基准项目”为基础. 国际汉语教学研究, 18(2), 30–39.]
Han, J. (2017). Post-lingual Chinese language learning Hanzi pedagogy. Palgrave Macmillan.
Han, J., & Han, Y. (2019). Cultural concepts as powerful theoretical tools: Chinese teachers’ perceptions of their relationship with students in a cross-cultural context. International Journal for Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 13(1), 8.
Han, J., & Yao, J. (2013). A case study of bilingual student-teachers’ classroom English: Applying the education-linguistic model. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 38(2), 118–131.
Han, Y. (2019). Linguistic and cultural impacts on English medium instruction: Chinese teacher–researchers’ Cases [Doctoral dissertation, Western Sydney University, Australia].
Han, Y., & Ji, X. (2021). Chinese self, Australian other—Chinese as a foreign language teacher identity construction in Australian contexts. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.792004
Han, Y., Ji, X., & Han J. (2019). Transformation of Chinese as a foreign language teachers’ relationship with their students in the Australian context. International Journal of Contemporary Education, 27–37.
Hanban. (2010). Master of teaching Chinese to speakers of other languages (MTCSOL). Confucius Institute Headquarters.
Hanban. (2018). 2017 Confucius institute annual development report. Confucius Institute Headquarters.
Hanban. (2019). Confucius institutes/classrooms. Confucius Institute Headquarters.
Kirkebk, M. J., Du, X., & Jensen, A. A. (2013). The power of context in teaching and learning culture. Teaching and learning culture: Negotiating the context (pp. 1–11). Sense Publishers.
Li, W., & Jensen, A. A. (2013). Cultural influences on Chinese language teachers’ perceptions and beliefs in a Danish context. Teaching and learning culture: Negotiating the context (pp. 95–112). Sense Publishers.
Liang, J., & Jia, P. (2021). A study of the Chinese-language curriculums of the confucius institutes: A case study of fourteen confucius institutes in the UK. Journal of Yunnan Normal University (on 中文 (Zhōngwén/Chinese) Education and Research), 19(2), 19–28.
Liu, G. Q., & Lo Bianco, J. (2007). Teaching Chinese, teaching in Chinese and teaching the Chinese: Australian perspectives. In J. Lo Bianco (Ed.), Emergence of Chinese, language policy (pp. 95–117). Springer.
Liu, Z., & Zhang, L. (2019). Development of Chinese language teaching in Laos universities with the influence of “The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).” Journal of Beihua University (Social Sciences), 20(5), 22–29.
Lo Bianco, J. (2009). Second languages and Australian schooling. Australian Council for Educational Research.
Ma, X., Gong, Y., Gao, X., & Xiang, Y. (2017). The teaching of Chinese as a second or foreign language: A systematic review of the literature 2005–2015. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 38(9), 815–830.
Mason, S. (2015). ‘Hey, I’m a real teacher!’ The value of language teachers and the role of non-contact time in Queensland schools. The New Zealand Language Teacher, 41, 9–22.
Mason, S., & Matas, C. P. (2016). Language teacher supply: A content analysis of newspaper coverage across the ‘Anglobubble.’ Issues in Educational Research, 26(3), 446–463.
Matas, C. P., & Mason, S. (2015). Language policy literacy for language teachers: How important is it? Language Policy, 5, 12–20.
Moloney, R. A. (2013). Providing a bridge to intercultural pedagogy for native speaker teachers of Chinese in Australia. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 26(3), 213–228.
Moloney, R., & Wang, D. (2016). Limiting professional trajectories: A dual narrative study in Chinese language education. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 1(1), 1.
National Security Education Program (NSEP). (2016). Critical languages. Retrieved 24 July 2021, from https://nsep.gov/content/critical-languages.
Orton, J. (2008). Chinese language education in Australian schools. The University of Melbourne.
Pérez-Milans, M. (2015). Language education policy in late modernity: (Socio) linguistic ethnographies in the European Union. Language Policy, 14(2), 99–107.
Scott, J. (2014). A matter of record: Documentary sources in social research. John Wiley & Sons.
Singh, M., & Han, J. (2014). Educating teachers of “Chinese as a local/global language”: Teaching “Chinese with Australian characteristics.” Frontiers of Education in China, 9(3), 403–428.
Singh, M., & Nguyễn, T. H. N. (2018). Localising Chinese: Educating teachers through service-learning. Palgrave Macmillan.
Sun, J., & Shouse, R. (2015). U.S. policies and initiatives for 中文 (Zhōngwén/Chinese) education. In J. Ruan, J. Zhang, & C. B. Leung (Eds.), Chinese education in the United State (pp. 47–62). Springer.
Wang, D. (2019). Multilingualism and translanguaging in Chinese language classrooms. Palgrave Macmillan.
Wang, D., Moloney, R., & Li, Z. (2013). Towards internationalising the curriculum: A case study of Chinese language teacher education programs in China and Australia. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 38(9).
Wang, W., & Curdt-Christiansen, X. L. (2016). Teaching Chinese to international students in China: Political rhetoric and ground realities. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 25(5–6), 723–734.
Wei, M. (2020). A study of Chinese talents demands in Cambodia based on “The Belt and Road Initiative.” Higher Education Forum, 9, 116–119.
Xu, H. (2012). Challenges native Chinese teachers face in teaching Chinese as a foreign language to non-native Chinese students in US classrooms [Master’s thesis of University of Nebraska].
Yang, J. (2020). A study of the organization of teachers in Djibouti Chinese language teaching center under the belt and road initiative. Journal of Higher Education, 8, 11–13.
Zhang, D., & Zheng, J. (2021). The mirror images of confucius institutes at home and abroad: A review of Chinese and English literature on confucius institutes (2015–2020). Renmin University of China Education Journal, 1(3), 151–169.
Zhang, X. (2016). Some further thoughts on European benchmarks for the Chinese language. Research on International Chinese Teaching, 11(3), 50–59.
Zhao, H., & Zhang, C. (2018). Horizon of one belt and one road: History and current status of Chinese language’s education in Thailand. Journal of Shanxi Youth Vocational College, 3, 16–20.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Han, Y., Ji, X. (2022). Understanding Transnational 中文 (Zhōngwén/Chinese) Education. In: Postmonolingual Transnational Chinese Education. Palgrave Studies in Teaching and Learning Chinese. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15153-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15153-8_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-15152-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-15153-8
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)