Abstract
Record linkage is a useful tool to match records across datasets when the datasets lack a unique identifier. In this chapter, we examine the past, current, and present uses of probabilistic record linkage with a specific interest in its use in statistical sampling. For example, given the rise in interest and use of non-probability data within sampling, many researchers seek to augment a non-probability sample with a probability sample. Record linkage is a useful method for doing such combining. This chapter will examine the ways record linkage has been used and is currently being researched and implemented, with an emphasis on its current and future use for statistical sampling. The chapter concludes with open research questions for record linkage in the context of sampling, where the questions center around the idea of creating a total error framework for linked data.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abowd, J. M., Abramowitz, J., Levenstein, M. C., Mccue, K., Patki, D., Raghunathan, T., Rodgers, A. M., Shapiro, M. D., & Wasi, N. (2019). Optimal probabilistic record linkage: Best practice for linking employers in survey and administrative data. Center for Economic Studies Working Paper Series Working Paper Number CES-19-08.
Amaya, A., Biemer, P. P., & Kinyon, D. (2020). Total error in a big data world: Adapting the TSE framework to big data. Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology, 8(1), 89–119. https://doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smz056
Baker, R., J. M. Brick, Bates, N. A., Battaglia, M., Couper, M. P., Dever, J. A., Gile, K. J., & Tourangeau, R. (2013). Report of the AAPOR task force on non-probability sampling. American Association for Public Opinion Research. www.aapor.org/AAPOR_Main/media/MainSiteFiles/NPS_TF_Report_Final_7_revised_FNL_6_22_13.pdf
Bell, R. M. (2017). Diverse applications of probabilistic record linkage: Schucany lecture series. Southern Methodist University.
Bell, R. M., Keesey, J., & Richards, T. (1994). The urge to merge: Linking vital statistics records and Medicaid claims. In Medical care (pp. 1004–1018).
Boudreaux, M. H., Call, K. T., Turner, J., Fried, B., & O’Hara, B. (2015). Measurement error in public health insurance reporting in the American community survey: Evidence from record linkage. Health Services Research, 50, 1972–1995. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.12308
Breidt, F. J., Opsomer, J. D., & Huang, C.-M. (2017). Model-assisted survey estimation with imperfectly matched auxiliary data. In: TES 2018: Predictive econometrics and big data, studies in computational intelligence.
Briscolini, D., Di Consiglio, L., Liseo, B., Tancredi, A., & Tuoto, T. (2018). New methods for small area estimation with linkage uncertainty. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 94, 30–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2017.12.005
Brus, D., & Gruijter, J. D. (2003). A method to combine non-probability sample data with probability sample data in estimating spatial means of environmental variables. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 83(3), 303–317. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022618406507
Chambers, R. (2009). Regression analysis of probability-linked data. Official statistics research series (Vol. 4). Statistics New Zealand. oCLC: 908449516.
Chambers, R., & Diniz da Silva, A. (2020). Improved secondary analysis of linked data: A framework and an illustration. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 183(1), 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/rssa.12477
Chipperfield, J. (2020). Bootstrap inference using estimating equations and data that are linked with complex probabilistic algorithms. Statistica Neerlandica, 74(2), 96–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/stan.12189
Chipperfield, J. O., & Chambers, R. L. (2015). Using the bootstrap to account for linkage errors when analysing probabilistically linked categorical data. Journal of Official Statistics, 31(3), 397–414. https://doi.org/10.1515/jos-2015-0024
Christen, P. (2008). Automatic training example selection for scalable unsupervised record linkage. In Advances in knowledge discovery and data mining, 12th Pacific-Asia conference PAKDD (pp. 511–518).
Christen, P. (2019). Data linkage: The big picture. Harvard Data Science Review https://doi.org/10.1162/99608f92.84deb5c4
Cohen, W. W., Ravikumar, P., & Fienberg, S. E. (2003). A comparison of string distance metrics for name-matching tasks. In Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Information Integration on the Web (pp. 73–78).
Copas, J. B., & Hilton, F. J. (1990). Record linkage: Statistical models for matching computer records. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society), 153(3), 287. https://doi.org/10.2307/2982975
Dalzell, N. M., & Reiter, J. P. (2016). Regression modeling and file matching using possibly erroneous matching variables. arXiv preprint arXiv:160806309.
Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., & Rubin, D. B. (1977). Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 39(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x
Dong, X. L., & Srivastava, D. (2015). Synthesis lectures on data management:Big data integration. Morgan and Claypool. https://doi.org/10.2200/S00578ED1V01Y201404DTM040
Dunn, H. L. (1946). Record linkage. American Journal of Public Health and the Nation’s Health, 36(12), 1412–1416.
Elliott, M. N., & Haviland, A. (2007). Use of a web-based convenience sample to supplement a probability sample. Survey methodology, 33(2), 211–215. http://www.thewitnessbox.com/10498-en.pdf
Elliott, M. R. (2009). Combining data from probability and non-probability samples using pseudo-weights. Survey Practice, 2(6), 1–7. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.981.4054&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Fellegi, I. P. (1999) Record linkage and public policy—a dynamic evolution. In: Record Linkage Techniques—1997 Proceedings of an International Workshop and Exposition. National Academies Press, (pp. 1–12).
Fellegi, I. P., & Sunter, A. B. (1969). A theory for record linkage. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 64(328), 1183–1210. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286061
Groves, R. M., & Lyberg, L. (2010). Total survey error: past, present, and future. Public Opinion Quarterly, 74(5), 849–879. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfq065
Hallifax, R., Goldacre, R., Landray, M. J., Rahman, N. M., & Goldacre, M. J. (2018). Trends in the incidence and recurrence of inpatient-treated spontaneous pneumothorax. JAMA, 320. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.14299
Harron, K., Goldstein, H., & Dibben, C. (Eds.). (2016). Methodological developments in data linkage. Wiley.
Herzog, T. N., Scheuren, F., & Winkler, W. E. (2007). Data quality and record linkage techniques. Springer. oCLC: ocn137313060.
Jaro, M. A. (1989). Advances in record-linkage methodology as applied to matching the 1985 census of Tampa, Florida. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 84, 414–420.
Jaro, M. A. (1995). Probabilistic linkage of large public health data files. Statistics in Medicine, 14, 491–498.
Jurek, A., Hong, J., Chi, Y., & Liu, W. (2017). A novel ensemble learning approach to unsupervised record linkage. Information Systems, 71, 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2017.06.006
Kim, G., & Chambers, R. (2012). Regression analysis under incomplete linkage. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 56(9), 2756–2770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2012.02.026
Kim, G., & Chambers, R. (2015). Unbiased regression estimation under correlated linkage errors: Correlated linkage errors. Stat, 4(1), 32–45 https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.76
Kim, J., & Tam, S. (2021). Data integration by combining big data and survey sample data for finite population inference. International Statistical Review, 89(2), 382–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/insr.12434
Lahiri, P., & Larsen, M. D. (2005). Regression analysis with linked data. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 100(469), 222–230. https://doi.org/10.1198/016214504000001277
Liu, B., Stokes, L., Topping, T., & Stunz, G. (2017). Estimation of a total from a population of unknown size and application to estimating recreational red snapper catch in Texas. Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology, 5(3), 350–371. https://doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smx006
Lohr, S. L. (2010). Sampling: Design and analysis 2nd ed.. Brooks/Cole.
Meng, X.-L. (2018). Statistical paradises and paradoxes in big data (I): Law of large populations, big data paradox, and the 2016 US presidential election. The Annals of Applied Statistics, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1214/18-AOAS1161SF
Mulry, M. H., Bean, S. L., Bauder, D. M., Wagner, D., Mule, T., & Petroni, R. J. (2006). Evaluation of estimates of census duplication using administrative records information. Journal of Official Statistics, 22(4), 655–679.
Neter, J., Maynes, E. S., & Ramanathan, R. (1965). The effect of mismatching on the measurement of response error. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 60(312). https://doi.org/10.2307/2283401
Newcombe, H. B., Kennedy, J. M., Axford, S. J., & James, A. P. (1959). Automatic linkage of vital records. Science, 130(3381), 954–959.
Sakshaug, J. W., Wiśniowski, A., Ruiz, D. A. P., & Blom, A. G. (2019). Supplementing small probability samples with nonprobability samples: A Bayesian approach. Journal of Official Statistics, 35(3), 653–681. https://doi.org/10.2478/jos-2019-0027
Salvati, N., Fabrizi, E., Ranalli, M. G., & Chambers, R. L. (2021). Small area estimation with linked data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), 83(1), 78–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/rssb.12401
Stokes, S. L., Williams, B. M., McShane, R. P. A., & Zalsha, S. (2021). The impact of nonsampling errors on estimators of catch from electronic reporting systems. Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology, 9(1), 159–184. https://doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smz042
Särndal, C.-E., Swensson, B., & Wretman, J. (1992). Model assisted survey sampling. Springer.
Valliant, R., Dever, J. A. (2011). Estimating propensity adjustments for volunteer web surveys. Sociological Methods & Research, 40(1), 105–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124110392533
Vatsalan, D., Sehili, Z., Christen, P., & Rahm, E. (2017) Privacy-preserving record linkage for big data: Current approaches and research challenges. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49340-4_25
Winkler, W. E. (1990). String comparator metrics and enhanced decision rules in the Fellegi-Sunter model of record linkage. In Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods American Statistical Association (pp. 354–359).
Wiśniowski, A., Sakshaug, J. W., Perez Ruiz, D. A., & Blom, A. G. (2020). Integrating probability and nonprobability samples for survey inference. Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology, 8(1), 120–147. https://doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smz051
Zhang, L., & Tuoto, T. (2021). Linkage-data linear regression. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 184(2), 522–547. https://doi.org/10.1111/rssa.12630
Zhang, L.-C. (2021). Generalised regression estimation given imperfectly matched auxiliary data. Journal of Official Statistics, 37(1), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.2478/jos-2021-0010
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Williams, B. (2022). Record Linkage in Statistical Sampling: Past, Present, and Future. In: Ng, H.K.T., Heitjan, D.F. (eds) Recent Advances on Sampling Methods and Educational Statistics. Emerging Topics in Statistics and Biostatistics . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14525-4_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14525-4_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-14524-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-14525-4
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)