Abstract
Granulomatous diseases of the lung include tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and multiple other less common entities including nontuberculous mycobacteria, fungal infection, Nocardia, Actinomyces, Pneumocystis pneumonia, berylliosis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease that, although it has characteristic radiographic and histologic findings, still exists as a diagnosis of exclusion. Findings favoring sarcoidosis include the presence of well-formed, non-necrotizing granulomas in a lymphangitic distribution, compared with the necrotizing nature and airway-centric distribution of granulomas more commonly seen in granulomatous infection. Microbiologic testing and special stains for infectious organisms are necessary to sufficiently rule out the possibility of granulomatous infectious disease.
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Mays, J.A., Lieberman, J.A., Xu, H. (2022). Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Versus Mycobacterial/Fungal Disease in the Lung. In: Xu, H., Ricciotti, R.W., Mantilla, J.G. (eds) Practical Lung Pathology. Practical Anatomic Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14402-8_51
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