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Tuberculosis: Current Treatment Options and Future Scope

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Tubercular Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease that mainly affects the lungs. TB is the major cause of ill health and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has led to the failure of first-line antituberculosis therapy. An appropriate combination of anti-TB drugs or substitution with second-line agents are required for improving the treatment success rates of MDR and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB. Only a few drugs such as bedaquiline, delamanid, and pretomanid have been approved for treating MDR-TB since the last four decades. There is a dire need for the development of more effective TB drugs, adjunct therapies, and vaccines in order to improve the treatment outcomes. In this chapter, we made efforts to provide an overview of the current treatment options and challenges of TB therapy. In addition, we discussed the latest treatment strategies, new chemical entities, herbal drugs, new drug regimens, and vaccines being developed to treat both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant TB disease.

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Abbreviations

ATP:

Adenine triphosphate

BCG:

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin

CNS:

Centeral nervous system

CSF:

Cerebro spinal fluid

DDS:

Drug delivery system

DNA:

Deoxy ribonucleic acid

DOTS:

Directly observed therapy shourtcourse

DPI:

Dry powder injection

GI:

Gastro intestinal

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

IG:

Immunoglobulines

IL-12:

Interleukin 12

INFγ:

Interferon gamma

LBG:

Locust bean gum

LTBI:

Latent tuberculosis infection

MDR-TB:

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

PDE:

Phosphodiesterase

pMDI:

Pressurized meter dose inhaller

PPARγ:

Paroxisome proliferator activated response

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

TB:

Tuberculosis

TBM:

Tubercular meningitis

TNFα:

Tumour necrosis factor alpha

WHO:

Worlds Health Organization

XDR-TB:

Extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis

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Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

    Yesha B. Shah, Priya S. Mistry, Tejas M. Dhameliya & Ketan M. Ranch

  2. College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE

    Sai H. S. Boddu

  3. Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE

    Sai H. S. Boddu

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Shery Jacob

  5. Dept. of Microbiology, S.V. Medical College, Tirupati, AP, India

    B. Mahalakshmi

  6. Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA

    Jwala Renukuntla

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  1. Yesha B. Shah
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  2. Priya S. Mistry
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  3. Tejas M. Dhameliya
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  5. Sai H. S. Boddu
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Correspondence to Tejas M. Dhameliya or Sai H. S. Boddu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. CapnoPharm GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany

    Ranjita Shegokar

  2. Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Yashwant Pathak

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Shah, Y.B. et al. (2023). Tuberculosis: Current Treatment Options and Future Scope. In: Shegokar, R., Pathak, Y. (eds) Tubercular Drug Delivery Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14100-3_4

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