Abstract
In the pelagic ecosystems, food web interactions between phytoplankton and zooplankton determine the amount of energy transferred to higher trophic levels, the remineralisation of nutrients and the export of organic material to the benthic ecosystem. The variability in the strength of this coupling has important implications for the efficiency of trophic transfer and for the match-mismatch of secondary production with higher trophic level consumers such as fish larvae. This receives particular attention in recent years with regard to potential climatic alteration of the phyto- and zooplankton phenology. In the western Baltic Sea, the recurrent seasonal patterns of phytoplankton and their short- as well as long-term variation are well understood, but little is known about the coupling to zooplankton. Data from a high-frequency sampling across the salinity gradient in the western Baltic Sea shows the well-known delay in the seasonal development of phytoplankton from the Belt Sea to the southern Baltic Proper. However, while the coupling to zooplankton in the Belt Sea is relatively tight, an increasing offset in the timing occurs in the southern Baltic Proper that affects the utilization of the spring bloom and is explained by a shift in biodiversity.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Apstein C (1906) Plankton in Nord- und Ostsee auf den deutschen Terminfahrten. 1. Teil (Volumina 1903). Wiss Meeresunters Kiel NF 9:1–26
Behrenfeld MJ, Boss ES (2014) Resurrecting the ecological underpinnings of ocean plankton blooms. Annu Rev Mar Sci 6:167–194
Busch W (1916–1920) Über das Plankton der Kieler Föhrde im Jahre 1912/13. Wiss Meeresunters Kiel NF 18:25–142
Büse T (1915) Quantitative Untersuchungen von Planktonfängen des Feuerschiffes "Fehmarnbelt" vom April 1910 bis März 1911. PhD thesis, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 36 pp
Driver H (1908) Das Ostseeplankton der 4 deutschen Terminfahrten im Jahre 1905. Wiss Meeresunters Kiel NF 10:106–127
Dutz J, Christensen AM (2018) Broad salinity tolerance of Acartia longiremis in the Baltic Sea. J Plankton Res 40:342–355
Dutz J, Mohrholz V, van Beusekom JEE (2010) Life cycle and phenology of Temora longicornis in the Baltic Sea: strong shifts in spring timing can cause long-term variability in biomass. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 406:223–238
Groetsch PM, Simis SG, Eleveld MA et al (2016) Spring blooms in the Baltic Sea have weakened but lengthened from 2000–2014. Biogeosciences 13:4959–4973
Hensen V (1887) Über die Bestimmung des Planktons oder des im Meere treibenden Materials an Pflanzen und Thieren. Ber Komm Wiss Untersuch Deutsch Meere Kiel 12–16:1–108
Katajisto T, Viitasalo M, Koski M (1998) Seasonal occurrence and hatching of calanoid eggs in sediments of the northern Baltic Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 163:133–143
Kivi K, Kaitala S, Kuosa H et al (1993) Nutrient limitation and grazing control of the Baltic plankton community during annual succession. Limnol Oceanogr 38:893–905
Lenz J (1977) Hydrographic conditions. In: Rheinheimer G (ed) Microbial ecology of a brackish water environment. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 12–25
Lohmann H (1908) Untersuchungen zur Feststellung des vollständigen Gehaltes des Meeres an Plankton. Wiss Meeresunters Kiel NF 10:130–370
Norrbin MF (1996) Timing of diapause in relation to the onset of winter in the high-latitude copepods Pseudocalanus acuspes and Acartia longiremis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 142:99–109
Otten P (1913) Quantitative Untersuchungen über die Copepoden des Fehmarnbeltes und ihre Entwicklungsstadien. Wiss Meeresunters Kiel NF 15:251–302
Romagnan J-B, Legendre L, Guidi L et al (2015) Comprehensive model of annual plankton succession based on the whole-plankton time series approach. PLoS One 10:e0119219
Smetacek V (1985) The annual cycle of Kiel Bight plankton: a long-term analysis. Estuaries 8:145–157
Thackeray SJ (2012) Mismatch revisited: what is trophic mismatching from the perspective of the plankton? J Plankton Res 34:1001–1010
von Bodungen B (1986) Annual cycles of nutrients in a shallow inshore area, Kiel Bight. — variability and trends. Ophelia 26:91–107
Wasmund N (2017) The diatom/dinoflagellate index as an indicator of ecosystem changes in the Baltic Sea. 2. Historical data for use in determination of good environmental status. Front Mar Sci 4:1–12
Wasmund N, Siegel H (2008) Phytoplankton. In: Feistel R, Nausch G, Wasmund N (eds) State and evolution of the Baltic Sea, 1952–2005. Wiley, New Jersey, pp 441–481
Wasmund N, Nausch G, Matthäus W (1998) Phytoplankton spring blooms in the southern Baltic Sea – spatio-temporal development and long-term trends. J Plankton Res 20:1099–1117
Wasmund N, Göbel J, Bodungen BV (2008) 100-years-changes in the phytoplankton community of Kiel Bight (Baltic Sea). J Mar Syst 73:300–322
Zervoudaki S, Nielsen TG, Carstensen J (2009) Seasonal succession and composition of the zooplankton community along an eutrophication and salinity gradient exemplified by Danish waters. J Plankton Res 31:1475–1492
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dutz, J., Wasmund, N. (2023). Seasonal Aspects and Short-Term Variability of the Pelagic Offshore Ecosystems. In: Schubert, H., Müller, F. (eds) Southern Baltic Coastal Systems Analysis. Ecological Studies, vol 246. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13682-5_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13682-5_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-13681-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-13682-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)