Genesis of the Training System for Teachers-Defectologists in Russia: 1918–1920 (Kashchenko’s Moscow Courses)

Abstract

For the first time, based on archival materials, the authors analyze the activities of Professor Kashchenko’s courses on child defectology in Moscow, which became the first experience of comprehensive systematic training of specialists in defectology in world pedagogical practice. The courses combined theoretical and practical training and became the basis of a higher education system in defectology, oriented toward interaction with the child, using the latest pedagogical methods of the 1910s–1920s. The relevance of this research lies in the provision of practical experience in the creation and functioning of a structure for the implementation of an integrated and interdisciplinary approach in the training of teaching staff to work with children with disabilities in global systemic challenges facing the theory and practice of education. Of particular relevance is the composition of the block of academic disciplines aimed at career guidance and socialization of a child with disabilities, including the development of practical self-care skills.