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Alopecia

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Dermatology in Public Health Environments

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Abstract

The diagnosis of alopecia can be challenging, usually the doctor needs clinicopathological correlation to achieve the correct diagnosis. Sometimes, more than one hair disease can coexist, making accurate diagnosis even more difficult. The alopecias are divided by scarring and nonscarring alopecias, by dermoscopy or histopathology issues. This basic differentiation is important to understanding why some alopecia can improve after treatment and others not. It is crucial to remember that there are alopecias caused by infections problems or inflammatory scalp diseases, such as fungus infections and psoriasis, for example.

In this chapter, the hair shaft disorders and infections and inflammatory scalp diseases will be reviewed first, followed by a discussion of the acquired nonscarring alopecias and the primary cicatricial alopecias.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Alopecia areata

AGA:

Androgenetic alopecia

ATE:

Acute telogen effluvium

CCCA:

Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia

CTE:

Chronic telogen effluvium

DC:

Dissecting cellulitis

DHT:

Dihydrotestosterone

DLE:

Discoid lupus erythematosus

FAPD:

Fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution

FD:

Folliculitis decalvans

FFA:

Frontal fibrosing alopecia

FPHL:

Female pattern hair loss

LGLPS:

Lassueur Graham-Little Piccardi Syndrome

LPP:

Lichen planopilaris

SD:

Seborrheic dermatitis

TA:

Traction alopecia

TE:

Telogen effluvium

TTD:

Trichothiodystrophy

TTM:

Trichotillomania

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericódia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Giselle Martins

  2. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

    Isabella Doche

  3. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Isabella Doche

  4. Private Clinic, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Laura Antoniazzi Freitag

  5. Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, USA

    Mariya Miteva

  6. Dermatology, Hospital Regional Asa Norte/Private Office, Brasilia, Brazil

    Patricia Damasco

Authors
  1. Giselle Martins
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  2. Isabella Doche
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dermatology Service, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul/HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Renan Rangel Bonamigo

Glossary

Effluvium

Shedding of hair.

Endothrix infection

Dermatophyte infections of the hair that invade the hair shaft and internalize into the hair cell. The hair shaft is filled with fungal branches (hyphae) and spores (arthroconidia). Endothrix infections do not fluoresce with Wood’s light.

Pityriasis amiantacea

A scalp condition that causes scaling and can occur in patches anywhere on the scalp. It is an eczematous condition of the scalp resulting in hair loss, whereby thick adherent scale infiltrates and surrounds the base of a group of scalp hairs.

Psoriasiform acanthosis

The presence of evenly elongated, thin rete ridges with equally long dermal papillae.

Trichotillomania

A disorder that involves recurrent, irresistible urges to pull out hair from the scalp, eyebrows, or other areas of the body, despite trying to stop. Hair pulling from the scalp often leaves patchy bald spots.

Trichoscopy

Hair and scalp dermoscopy. May be performed with a handheld dermoscope. This makes it a modern, noninvasive technique.

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Martins, G., Doche, I., Freitag, L.A., Miteva, M., Damasco, P. (2023). Alopecia. In: Rangel Bonamigo, R. (eds) Dermatology in Public Health Environments. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13505-7_73

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