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Part of the book series: Christianity and Renewal - Interdisciplinary Studies ((CHARIS))

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Abstract

With expansion into new global frontiers, classical Brazilian Pentecostalism stands at a critical precipice. CC growth has stalled, and AD membership shows signs of declining. This concluding chapter inquires whether the CC can recover the dynamic growth of its early years and considers avenues for rehabilitating the AD. I explore further the broader themes of ethnicity, marginalization, and the interpretation of scripture. In light of the movements’ expansion and reverse mission activity, I consider the value of a multidirectional mission model.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Paul Freston, quoted in Eric G. Flett, “A Christological Gambiarra: Jesus and Social Engagement in Brazil,” in Miller and Morgan, Brazilian Evangelicalism in the Twenty-First Century, 210. See also Mark J. Cartledge, “‘Liberation Theology opted for the Poor, and the Poor opted for [Neo-]Pentecostalism’: Illustrating the Influence of the ‘Prosperity Gospel’ in Brazil,” in (De)coloniality and Religious Practices: Liberating Hope, ed. Valburga Schmiedt Streck, Júlio Cézar Adam, and Cláudio Carvalhaes (International Academy of Practical Theology Conference Series 2; 2021), 82–83, doi: 10.25785/iapt.cs.v2i0.136.

  2. 2.

    Rudolph J. Vecoli, “Ethnicity: A Neglected Dimension of American History,” in The State of American History, ed. Herbert J. Bass (Chicago: Quadrangle, 1970), 84.

  3. 3.

    Read, Monterroso, and Johnson, Latin American Church Growth, 252.

  4. 4.

    Annalisa Butticci, African Pentecostals in Catholic Europe: The Politics of Presence in the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016), 9.

  5. 5.

    Josué Giamarco, “O movimento Pentecostal Italo-Americano: resumo histórico,” Assembleia Cristã, under “Origem e resumida no Brasil,” accessed January 3, 2020, https://www.assembleiacrista.com.br/noticia/128323/assembleia-crist%C3%83-biografia%2D%2D-resumo-historico.historia.

  6. 6.

    Vecoli, “Contadini in Chicago,” 415.

  7. 7.

    Dyrness and García-Johnson, Theology without Borders, viii.

  8. 8.

    “Congregações,” Bethlehem Ministry of the Assemblies of God, accessed December 13, 2021, https://www.adbelem.org/quem-somos/congregacoes.

  9. 9.

    Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (London: Routledge, 2005), 118.

  10. 10.

    Hicks, “Prosperity, Theology, and Economy,” 248.

  11. 11.

    Johnson and Zurlo, “Denomination: Assembleias de Deus,” in WCD, accessed June 19, 2022, https://worldchristiandatabase-org.ezproxy.regent.edu/wcd/#/detail/denomination/940/83-general.

  12. 12.

    Sam Storms, Understanding Spiritual Gifts: A Comprehensive Guide (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Reflective, 2020), 55.

  13. 13.

    Giuseppe Petrelli, The Redeemer (Fayetteville, NY: Theophilus, 1986), 270.

  14. 14.

    Garrard, New Faces of God in Latin America, 13.

  15. 15.

    John P. Hoffmann and John P. Bartkowski, “Gender, Religious Tradition and Biblical Literalism,” Social Forces 86, no. 3 (2008): 1246.

  16. 16.

    Álvarez, Integral Mission, 81.

  17. 17.

    Amos Yong, The Missiological Spirit: Christian Mission Theology in the Third Millennium Global Context (Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2014), 186.

  18. 18.

    Drawing from the gospels, Segundo delineates a biblical response and hermeneutic in defense of liberation theology. Segundo, Liberation of Theology, 228–37.

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Palma, P.J. (2022). Conclusion. In: Grassroots Pentecostalism in Brazil and the United States. Christianity and Renewal - Interdisciplinary Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13371-8_10

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