Abstract
We consider the deep learning based scheme proposed in [W. E and J. Han and A. Jentzen, Commun. Math. Stat., 5 (2017), pp. 349–380] and study the effect of the number of neural networks on the gradient of the solution. We demonstrate that using one neural network improves its numerical stability for the whole path and also reduces the computational time. This is illustrated with several 100-dimensional nonlinear backward stochastic differential equations including nonlinear pricing problems in finance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bender, C., Zhang, J.: Time discretization and Markovian iteration for coupled FBSDEs. Ann. Appl. Probab. 18(1), 143–177 (2008).
Bergman, Y.Z.: Option pricing with differential interest rates, Rev. Finan. Stud. 8(2), 475–500 (1995).
Chan-Wai-Nam, Q., Mikael, J., Warin, X.: Machine learning for semi linear PDEs, J. Sci. Comput. 79(3), 1667–1712 (2019).
E, W., Han, J., Jentzen, A.: Deep learning-based numerical methods for high-dimensional parabolic partial differential equations and backward stochastic differential equations, Commun. Math. Stat. 5(4), 349–380 (2017).
E, W., Hutzenthaler, M., Jentzen, A., Kruse, T.: On multilevel picard numerical approximations for high-dimensional nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations and high-dimensional nonlinear backward stochastic differential equations, J. Sci. Comput. 79(3), 1534–1571 (2019).
Gobet, E., López-Salas, J.G., Turkedjiev, P., Vázquez, C.: Stratified regression Monte-Carlo scheme for semilinear PDEs and BSDEs with large scale parallelization on GPUs, SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 38(6), C652–C677 (2016).
Gobet, E., Turkedjiev, P.: Linear regression MDP scheme for discrete backward stochastic differential equations under general conditions, Math. Comp. 85(299), 1359–1391 (2015).
Kapllani, L., Teng, L.: Multistep schemes for solving backward stochastic differential equations on GPU. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.13560 (2019).
Karoui, N.E., Peng, S., Quenez, M.C.: Backward stochastic differential equations in finance. Math. Finan. 7(1), 1–71 (1997).
Pardoux, E., Peng, S.: Adapted solution of a backward stochastic differential equation, Syst. Control. Lett. 14(1), 55–61 (1990).
Ruijter, M.J., Oosterlee, C.W.: A Fourier cosine method for an efficient computation of solutions to BSDEs, SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 37(2), A859–A889 (2015).
Teng, L.: A review of tree-based approaches to solve forward-backward stochastic differential equations, arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.00325v4 (2019).
Teng, L.: Gradient boosting-based numerical methods for high-dimensional backward stochastic differential equations, arXiv preprint arXiv:2107.06673 (2021).
Zhang, G.: A sparse-grid method for multi-dimensional backward stochastic differential equations, J. Comput. Math. 31(3), 221–248 (2013).
Zhao, W., Zhang, G., Ju, L.: A stable multistep scheme for solving backward stochastic differential equations, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 48(4), 1369–1394 (2010).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kapllani, L. (2022). The Effect of the Number of Neural Networks on Deep Learning Schemes for Solving High Dimensional Nonlinear Backward Stochastic Differential Equations. In: Ehrhardt, M., Günther, M. (eds) Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2021. ECMI 2021. Mathematics in Industry(), vol 39. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11818-0_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11818-0_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-11817-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-11818-0
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)