Abstract
This chapter aims to analyze the context in which state governors from Baja California and the state of Rio de Janeiro requested federal assistance in security. It demonstrates how military prerogatives can endure and expand in the light of electoral competition.
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Notes
- 1.
Brazil holds presidential and gubernatorial elections every four years in the first week of October; elections for the lower house of congress, the Chamber of Deputies, and Senate, which sits for six years, are held simultaneously.
- 2.
Interview with former Ministry of Defense Nelson Jobim, 22/03/2016, São Paulo.
- 3.
Interview with former Ministry of Defense Celso Amorim, 23/03/2016, Rio de Janeiro.
- 4.
Interview with former Army Commander, General Enzo Peri, 30/03/2016, Rio de Janeiro.
- 5.
Interview with civil servants in public security, Alejandro Poiré and Sofia Ramirez, 26/07/2017, Mexico DF.
- 6.
Interview with civil servants in public security, Alejandro Poiré and Sofia Ramirez, 26/07/2017, Mexico DF.
- 7.
Interviews with police officers Colonel Ibis da Silva Pereira, 11/05/2016 (former Military Police Commander); Major Leonardo Mazzurana, 15/04/2016; Colonel Ubiratan Ângelo, 26/09/2017 (former Military Police Commander); Colonel André Luiz de Souza Batista, 18/04/2016, Rio de Janeiro.
- 8.
Interviews with police officer Colonel Ibis da Silva Pereira, 11/05/2016, Rio de Janeiro.
- 9.
Interviews with police officer Colonel Ibis da Silva Pereira, 11/05/2016, Rio de Janeiro.
- 10.
Interviews with police officers Colonel Ibis da Silva Pereira, 11/05/2016 (former Military Police Commander); Colonel Ubiratan Ângelo, 26/09/2017 (former Military Police Commander); Colonel Ertozi*, 21/09/2016, Rio de Janeiro.
- 11.
The Strategic Affairs Office of the Military Police in Rio de Janeiro provided this information by email. April 2016.
- 12.
Interview with Colonel André Luiz de Souza Batista, 18/04/2016, Rio de Janeiro. Interview with Colonel Ertozi*, 21/09/2016, Rio de Janeiro.
- 13.
Another version of the residents was that the CV was not giving enough arrego (bribe) to the cops.
- 14.
Interview with regional military commander, General Adriano Pereira, 01/04/2016, Brasília. Interview with former Military Police Commander Mário Sérgio Duarte, 18/09/2017, Rio de Janeiro.
- 15.
Interview with General Enzo Peri, 30/03/2016, Rio de Janeiro.
- 16.
Interview with high-ranking Navy and Army officers, 16/05/2016, Brasília.
- 17.
Interview with former Army Commander General Enzo Peri, 30/03/2016, Rio de Janeiro.
- 18.
Interview with former Ministry of Defense Celso Amorim, 23/03/2016, Rio de Janeiro.
- 19.
Interview with General Adriano Pereira, 01/04/2016, Brasília. Interview with former Minister of Defense Nelson Jobim, 22/03/2016, São Paulo.
- 20.
Interview with Emiliano Salinas*, 03/08/2016 and 31/10/2017, Tijuana.
- 21.
Interview with former Coparmex presidente Jesus González*, 02/11/2017, Tijuana.
- 22.
Interview with Zeta journalista Inés Garcia, 01/08/2016, Tijuana.
- 23.
Interview with Sebastián Muñoz*, 03/08/2016 and 02/11/2017, Tijuana.
- 24.
Interview with the former director of the Anti-Kidnapping Unit of the Ministerial Police, 03/08/2016, Tijuana. Interview with leader of a human rights organization Raul Ramirez, 03/08/2016, Tijuana.
- 25.
Interview with gas station’s owner Teresa Flores*, 02/08/2016, Tijuana. Interview with merchandise trader Roberto Luiggi*, 29/06/2016 and 15/11/2017, Tijuana. Interview with telecommunications company owner, Carlos Busquet*, 01/11/2017, Tijuana.
- 26.
Interview with Zeta Tijuana’s editor Rosario Mosso, 27/11/2017, Tijuana.
- 27.
Former Coparmex presidents did not report extortion as a crucial concern of the organization members during this period. Interview with Emiliano Salinas*, 03/08/2016 and 31/10/2017, Tijuana. Interview with Omar Sanchéz*, 01/11/2017, Tijuana. Interview with Jesús González*, 02/11/2017, Tijuana.
- 28.
Interview with Zeta Tijuana’s editor Rosario Mosso, 27/11/2017, Tijuana.
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Medeiros Passos, A. (2022). The Politics of Militarization. In: Democracies at War Against Drugs . The Sciences Po Series in International Relations and Political Economy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11327-7_3
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