Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that specifically infect and lyse bacteria. Contrary to the theme of the current book, the therapeutic application of phages is not a “new” anti-biofilm strategy at all. The process, known as phage therapy, has been investigated for just as long as antibiotic therapy although its use is less widespread. As we approach what some describe as the post-antibiotic era, phage therapy has re-emerged as an intriguing antibiotic alternative or complementary treatment strategy. The relationship between phages and their bacterial prey, however, can be volatile with each party equipped with strategies to thwart the other. This is particularly true in biofilms, where phages may penetrate the matrix and lyse bacteria within, and bacteria may conversely evolve to overcome phage infection. Given this relationship, various strategies have been investigated to maximize phage treatment efficacy including the formulation of multiphage treatment cocktails, the exploitation of phage-antibiotic synergies, and the use of targeted phage genome engineering. Currently, phage therapy is being used increasingly as a salvage therapy in humans following unsuccessful antibiotic treatments. The next big frontier for phage therapy against biofilm infections, however, is to prove efficacy in randomized controlled clinical trials.
Keywords
- Phage
- Anti-infective
- Lysin
- Depolymerase
- Phage-antibiotic synergy
- Phage engineering
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Writing of this piece was supported by Swiss Heart Foundation grant #FF20114 awarded to DRC, and Swiss National Foundation Grants # 320030_176216 and # CR31I3_166124 awarded to YAQ.
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Cameron, D.R., Valente, L.G., Pitton, M., Prazak, J., Que, YA. (2022). Bacteriophages for the Treatment of Biofilm-Associated Infections. In: Richter, K., Kragh, K.N. (eds) Antibiofilm Strategies. Springer Series on Biofilms, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10992-8_8
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Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-10991-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-10992-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)