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Low-Energy Coulomb Excitation and Nuclear Deformation

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The Euroschool on Exotic Beams, Vol. VI

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Physics ((LNP,volume 1005))

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Abstract

Coulomb excitation is one of the rare methods available to obtain information on static electromagnetic moments of short-lived excited nuclear states. In the scattering of two nuclei, the electromagnetic field that acts between them causes their excitation. The process selectively populates low-lying collective states and is therefore ideally suited to study nuclear collectivity. While these experiments used to be restricted to stable isotopes, the advent of new facilities providing intense beams of short-lived radioactive species has opened the possibility to apply this powerful technique to a much wider range of nuclei. In this chapter, we discuss observables that can be measured in a Coulomb-excitation experiment and their relation to nuclear-structure parameters and, in particular, the nuclear shape. Possible solutions for normalisation of the measured γ-ray intensities and requirements for particle-detection systems are also presented.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    While typically information from lifetime measurements is used in this type of analysis, no such data exist for 76Zn, and consequently a \(B(E2; 2^+_1 \to 0^+_1)\) value determined in an earlier Coulomb-excitation measurement [10] has been plotted in Fig. 2.3 for illustration purposes.

  2. 2.

    “Mixed-symmetry” states are a special category of collective states predicted in models that treat the proton and neutron fluids separately. First predicted by Faessler [60], they were extensively studied within the framework of the proton-neutron interacting boson model (IBM-2) [61]. The terminology “mixed symmetry” arises from the properties of the wave functions, which contain at least one pair of proton and neutron bosons that is antisymmetric under the exchange of the proton and neutron labels. A detailed discussion of properties of such states can be found in Ref. [62].

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Acknowledgements

I would like to thank all those with whom I collaborated on topics related to this chapter, in particular (alphabetically) P.A. Butler, E. Clément, D.T. Doherty, L.P. Gaffney, P.E. Garrett, A. Görgen, K. Hadyńska-Klȩk, M. Komorowska, W. Korten, A. Nannini, P.J. Napiorkowski, M. Rocchini, J. Srebrny, P. Van Duppen, N. Warr and K. Wrzosek-Lipska.

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  1. IRFU/DPhN, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Magda Zielińska

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  1. Magda Zielińska
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Correspondence to Magda Zielińska .

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  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova and INFN, Padova, Italy

    Silvia M. Lenzi

  2. Instituto Gallego de Física de Altas Energías (IGFAE), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    Dolores Cortina-Gil

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Zielińska, M. (2022). Low-Energy Coulomb Excitation and Nuclear Deformation. In: Lenzi, S.M., Cortina-Gil, D. (eds) The Euroschool on Exotic Beams, Vol. VI. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 1005. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10751-1_2

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