Abstract
This chapter puts a focus on external donor funding as example of asymmetric relations between Europe and Africa. To contribute to a more nuanced debate about the role of external actors in the promotion of regionalism, both authors go beyond the EU as self-proclaimed key supporter of global regionalism and draw attention to a variety of external actors, which influence and shape African regional organisations from the outside. This includes unravelling and problematizing the motivations, roles, and effects of external actors in regionalism. Particular attention is paid to external donor support in the issue area of security in terms of ‘security-related funding’. This comprehensive mapping study is rich in empirical details because the authors develop and present a novel dataset about the external funding of regionalism in Africa.
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- 1.
The eight official RECs are: Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), East African Community (EAC), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Communauté Économique des États de l'Afrique Centrale (ECCAS), Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and Southern African Development Community (SADC).
- 2.
The remaining eight multi-purpose RIOs (which lack the status as RECs) are: Conseil de l'Entente (CE), Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC), Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL), International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR), Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), Mano River Union (MRU), Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEAMO).
- 3.
The three continental programmes driven by the AU are categorised under the continental body: the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA), the African Governance Architecture (AGA) and the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD).
- 4.
Activities should not be confused with (multi-year) aid programmes. A reported activity in the OECD database does not differentiate between the duration of a given aid intervention, and can therefore be understood as project-years. Multi-year activities/projects are reported for every year there are disbursements. Whereas some donor interventions are only one year long, many last for three to five years.
- 5.
The 41 donors are: African Development Bank (AfDB), African Development Fund (AfDF), Australia, Austria, Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA), Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, International Development Association (IDA), Italy, Japan, Korea, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nordic Development Fund, Norway, Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Fund for International Development (OFID), Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and United States.
- 6.
The 23 donors providing security-related funding to RIO are: the African Development Bank, African Development Fund, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, the EU, Finland, France, Germany, the International Development Association, the International Labour Organisation, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the US.
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Söderbaum, F., Stapel, S. (2022). External Actors and Security Regionalism in Africa: A New Dataset on External Funding. In: Muntschick, J. (eds) Regionalism in Africa and External Partners. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10702-3_3
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