Abstract
Citrus production is important to the economy of the mid-hill areas of Nepal, bringing an estimated return of more than five billion rupees. However, the industry has been characterized by low profitability, with fragmented and short value chains delivering product of variable quality to local markets. This study adopted a critical case study approach based on information from actors in the current value chain. It explores the prospect for citrus export from Nepal to the Tibet Autonomous Region based on the foundation of a phytosanitary agreement between China and Nepal, which was effective from 13 October 2019. The study also describes the potential market in terms of price and volume and a potential supply chain in terms of actors and pathways, including production areas, transport corridors and procedures for disease pest management, cold treatment disinfestation, and other phytosanitary protocols. Finally, policy recommendations are made to (i) allow small-holder farmers to participate in such a value chain, achieve higher profit, and improve livelihood security and (ii) support the nation to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) related to poverty, hunger, economic growth, and industry, innovation and infrastructure related to citrus export.
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Notes
- 1.
https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/2649_665393/t1707507.shtml includes the joint statement between the People’s Republic of China and Nepal dated 2019/10/13.
- 2.
This NPWG group was formed in 2020 by the Government of Nepal, Ministry of Livestock and Agriculture Development to prepare an action plan for implementation of the protocol.
- 3.
- 4.
https://kathmandupost.com/money/2021/03/19/construction-of-rasuwa-dry-port-on-hold-since-virus-outbreak provides information related to the pause in dry port construction due to COVID-19 outbreak.
- 5.
https://www.profreshsystems.com/pallet-wrapping-systems provides details on pallet wrapping systems.
- 6.
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/country_result.jsp?country=China includes price of oranges around 12 RMB per kg, conversion rates applied.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the members of the National Preparatory Working Group, MoALD. Nepal for organizing interaction meetings for the preparation of this chapter. We also acknowledge the contributions of China–Nepal trader Buddha Ghising and Kalimati trader Bharat Khanal for their information related to possibility of Nepal–China trade in fruit sector. Dipendra Aryal acknowledges the receipt of Central Queensland University Scholarships (International Excellence Award- tuition fees, RTP Scholarship-living stipend) for conducting his M.Sc. research on Citrus.
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Aryal, D., Subedi, P.P., Walsh, K.B., Shivakoti, S. (2022). Potential for Citrus Export from Nepal to Tibet. In: Timsina, J., Maraseni, T.N., Gauchan, D., Adhikari, J., Ojha, H. (eds) Agriculture, Natural Resources and Food Security. Sustainable Development Goals Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09555-9_4
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