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Two Foundations of the Theory of Basic Income: Natural Rights and Biblical Laws

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Basic Income in Korea and Beyond

Part of the book series: Exploring the Basic Income Guarantee ((BIG))

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Abstract

In A Public Faith: How Followers of Christ Should Serve the Common Good, Miroslav Volf wrestles with the question, “How does the committed Christian engage with and contribute to a pluralistic society?” He himself answers the question by arguing that the most effective way of changing the world is by making an “internal difference.”

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Miroslav Volf, A Public Faith: How Followers of Christ Should Serve the Common Good (Grand Rapids, MI.: Brazos Press, 2011), 3–36.

  2. 2.

    Martin Hart-Landsberg & Paul Burkett, “Economic Crisis and Restructuring in South Korea: Beyond the Free Market-Statist Debate,” Critical Asian Studies 33/3(Sept. 2010): 403–430.

  3. 3.

    A. Augustine, The City of God, vol. 1, trans. Marcus Dods (New York, NY.: Modern Library, 1950), 75.

  4. 4.

    Ibid.

  5. 5.

    Augustine, The City of God, vol. 2, trans. Marcus Dods (New York, NY.: Modern Library, 1950), 331–333.

  6. 6.

    Ibid., 340.

  7. 7.

    Ibid., 341.

  8. 8.

    Hannah Arendt, The Crises of the Republic (San Diego et al., CA: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1972), 84–89.

  9. 9.

    John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (rev. ed.; Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1999), 53.

  10. 10.

    Ibid., 266.

  11. 11.

    Amartya Sen, “Equality of What?” in S. McMurrin (ed.), The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, vo1. (Salt Lake, UT: University of Utah Press, 1980), 353–369; Reiko Gotoh, “The Equality of the Differences: Sen’s Critique of Rawls’ Theory of Justice and Its Implications for Welfare Economics,” History of Economic Ideas22/1(2014): 133–155.

  12. 12.

    Thomas Piketty, Capital in the Twenty-first Century, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014).

  13. 13.

    Ibid., 17.

  14. 14.

    Ibid., 471.

  15. 15.

    Ibid., 18.

  16. 16.

    The bimonthly journal called The Green Review whose editor-in-chief has been Kim Jong-Cheol since 1991 has thus far has presented a number of essays that deal with basic income: 131(Jul–Aug 2013), 144(Sept–Oct 2015); 153(Mar–Apr 2017). The Green Review 131 presents a debate about basic income among Kim Jong-Cheol, Kwak No-Wan, and Kang Nam-Hoon (“Let Human Dignity and Freedom enjoyed by Everybody. Why Basic Income?” (“모두에게 존엄과 자유를. 왜 기본소득인가?”: 2–51). Presently the Korean Network for Basic Income has been leading the debate about basic income since 2013 in order to persuade the government to accomplish economic democratization.

  17. 17.

    Choi Kwang-Eun, Basic Income to Everyone (『모두에게 기본소득을』) (Seoul: Parkjongcheol Publisher, 2011). Choi offers two well noted examples of basic income experimentation (Namibia, the State of Alaska).

  18. 18.

    Recently, Ahn Hyo-Sang as leader of the Korean Network for Basic Income has been leading the debate about basic income by publishing essays: Ahn Hyo-Sang, “The Original Basic Income of Thomas Spence” (“토머스 스펜스의 원형적 기본소득”), The Times (『시대』) 51 (Sept 2017): 98–115; Ahn Hyo-Sang/Seo Jeong-Hee, “A New Security Income in the Post-Corona Age of Uncertainty” (“코로나 19 이후 불확실성 시대의 새로운 소득보장”), Study of Industrial Labor (『산업노동연구』) 26/3(Oct 2020): 63–118; Philippe van Parijs, Basic Income and the Left (『기본소득과 좌파: 유럽에서 벌어진 논쟁』), trans. Ahn Hyo-Sang (Seoul: Parkjongcheol Publisher, 2020).

  19. 19.

    Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2001), 77–82. According to Polanyi, embeddedness means that the economy is immersed in social relations and thus cannot be a separate, autonomous sphere vis-à-vis society as a whole.

  20. 20.

    Erik Olin Wright (ed.), Redesigning Distribution: Basic Income and Stakeholder Grants as Alternative Cornerstones for a More Egalitarian Capitalism (London: Verso, 2006), 2.

  21. 21.

    Philippe van Parijs, “Basic Income: A Simple and Powerful Idea for the twenty-first century,” in Redesigning Distribution, 4–8.

  22. 22.

    Thomas Paine, Common Sense [with] Agrarian Justice (London: Penguin, 2004).

  23. 23.

    John Locke, The Two Treatises on Government (London: Whitmorb and Fenn., 1821), 182–184.

  24. 24.

    Locke, The Second Treatise of Civil Government and A Letter Concerning Toleration (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1948) 33–40.

  25. 25.

    Ibid., 33.

  26. 26.

    John Locke, The Second Treatise of Government, ed. Thomas P. Peardon (New York, NY: The Liberal Arts Press, 1952), 5–7.

  27. 27.

    John Locke, The Second Treatise of Government (Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 1980).

  28. 28.

    Barbara Arneil, John Locke and America: The Defense of English Colonialism (Oxford; Oxford University Press, 1996), 271.

  29. 29.

    Locke, op. cit., 21.

  30. 30.

    Locke, ibid., 21.

  31. 31.

    Thomas Paine, “Thomas Paine: Rights of Man,” in Glyn L. Hughes(ed.), The Squashed Philosophers (London: The Derwent Press, 2005), 210–219.

  32. 32.

    Locke, ibid., 19–26.

  33. 33.

    Paine, ibid., 8–9.

  34. 34.

    Ibid., 10.

  35. 35.

    Ibid.

  36. 36.

    Ibid., 10–11.

  37. 37.

    Ibid., 11.

  38. 38.

    Ronald R. Garet, “Natural Law and Creation Stories,” Religion, Morality, and the Law 30(1988): 218–262.

  39. 39.

    Baruch Levine, The JPS Torah Commentary Leviticus (Philadelphia et al.: The Jewish Publication Society, 1989), 270–274.

  40. 40.

    Patrick D. Miller, Deuteronomy (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 1990), 137.

  41. 41.

    Walter Bruggemann seems a bit cautious to apply the jubilee law or land laws of the Hebrew Bible to correct modern socioeconomic inequality while admitting that the Hebrew Bible as a whole is about a rightful disposal of land (The Land [Philadelphia, PA: Fortress, 1977], 3–14). On the other hand, Norman C. Habel appears more positive about making a normative use of the land justice laws (The Land Is Mine [Minneapolis, MN: Fortress, 1995], 1–16, 134–148).

  42. 42.

    이재희(Lee Jae-Hee), A Constitutional Examination of Basic Income(『기본소득[Basic Income]에 대한 헌법적 검토』) (Seoul: Constitutional Research Institute, 2018). This study of basic income conducted by a high-ranking government official seems inclined to put the idea of basic income in a more favorable light in terms of its legitimacy and practicability.

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  1. Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Hae-Kwon Kim

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  1. United Graduate School of Theology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)

    Mee-Hyun Chung

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Kim, HK. (2023). Two Foundations of the Theory of Basic Income: Natural Rights and Biblical Laws. In: Chung, MH. (eds) Basic Income in Korea and Beyond. Exploring the Basic Income Guarantee. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09202-2_2

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