Abstract
In certain physical cases, the angular momentum of a vector particle may naturally align with a direction not exactly contained in the production plane, leading to an attenuation of the polarization magnitude observable in any experimentally defined frame. In this chapter we consider two possible causes of this phenomenon: the higher-order, non-planar processes contributing to Drell--Yan, W and Z production, and the intrinsic transverse momentum of the partons inside the colliding hadrons. We discuss the effects of these phenomena on the measured frame-dependent and frame-independent parameters of the observed angular distribution.
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Faccioli, P., Lourenço, C. (2023). Smearing Effects in Non-planar Processes. In: Particle Polarization in High Energy Physics. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 1002. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08876-6_5
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