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Wireless Signals and Signal Processing

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Wireless Sensing

Part of the book series: Wireless Networks ((WN))

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Abstract

This chapter outlines the wireless signals and signal processing methods used for wireless sensing. We first introduces the preliminary knowledge about how wireless signals are generated and received for sensing. Then, we show different kinds of wireless signals and their characteristics in sensing. Finally, we demonstrate the signal processing methods to deal with the noises and constraints in wireless signals and devices.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    σ = 1∕(2πB−10dB(log10e)2).

  2. 2.

    The single tone signal can be expressed as cos(2πft + ϕ).

  3. 3.

    In Sect. 4.2.1.1, we will explain why the signal amplitude does not perform robustly in distance estimation.

  4. 4.

    AOA estimation will be discussed in detail in Sect. 4.2.1.2.

  5. 5.

    We will discuss in detail about device-free sensing in Sect. 3.2.

  6. 6.

    LNA is widely used in RF receivers. It amplifies a very low-power signal without degrading the signal-to-noise ratio.

  7. 7.

    For RF systems, the number of transmitting and receiving antennas is a key consideration. Existing wireless communication systems are equipped with multiple Tx and Rx antennas to improve the throughput.

  8. 8.

    We will introduce details for AOA estimation in Sect. 4.2.1.2.

  9. 9.

    We use the IQ plane to model the effect of static and dynamic signals. Please refer to Sect. 4.2 for more details about signal modeling in the IQ plane.

  10. 10.

    The spreading factors are SF7, SF8, SF9, SF10, SF11, and SF12.

  11. 11.

    When performing FFT on a signal, the frequency resolution in the FFT result is decided by the time span of the signal. Similarly, for IFFT, the temporal resolution is determined by the bandwidth.

  12. 12.

    The 18–22 KHz frequency range is the commonly used frequency band in acoustic sensing using commodity speakers and microphones because the sound in this range is inaudible to people and cause less disturbance.

  13. 13.

    Coherence time is the time duration during which the channel impulse response does not change.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

    Jiannong Cao

  2. Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China

    Yanni Yang

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  1. Jiannong Cao
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  2. Yanni Yang
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Cao, J., Yang, Y. (2022). Wireless Signals and Signal Processing. In: Wireless Sensing. Wireless Networks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08345-7_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08345-7_2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-08344-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-08345-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

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