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Satellite Instrumentation and Technique for Monitoring of Seawater Quality

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Instrumentation and Measurement Technologies for Water Cycle Management

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Abstract

The chapter provides a brief overview of satellite instrumentation, techniques and methods for monitoring of seawater quality (oil pollution, suspended matter, and algae bloom). Monitoring of oil pollution from space is usually carried out using the Synthetic Aperture Radar remote sensing systems, but under certain conditions, for example, in the zone of the sunglint, optical imagery is also very effective. Ocean color scanners are unique instrumentation for detection and monitoring of suspended matter (turbid waters) and chlorophyll-a (algae bloom) concentrations in the surface layer of the ocean. As any remote, in-situ or laboratory method, the ocean color scanners have a set of advantages (multispectral approach, high spectral resolution, high spatial resolution, etc.) as well as disadvantages which include dependence on the sunlight (there are no optical imagery during the night and Polar night) and clouds, dependence of the swath and repetition period on the spatial resolution of the sensor, etc. Application of the optical satellite remote sensing systems is illustrated by several examples of oil spill detection, turbid waters, and algal bloom in different seas of the World Ocean, and inland seas. Natural processes like wind-wave mixing in the coastal zone, river runoff, runoff from shallow lagoons, and algae bloom, as well as anthropogenic impact related to offshore and coastal mining, construction of ports and fairways, laying of underwater pipelines and cables, significantly impact seawater quality in the coastal zone of the World Ocean, and inland seas.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to D.M. Soloviev (Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS) for preparation of a set of satellite imagery. The research was partially funded in the framework of the Russian Science Foundation no. 19-77-20060 Project «Assessing ecological variability of the Caspian Sea in the current century using satellite remote sensing data» (2019–2022). This publication was prepared in the framework of the scientific activities related to “The Caspian Sea Digital Twin” Programme performed in the framework of the UN Decade on Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nakhimovsky Pr., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation

    Andrey G. Kostianoy

  2. S.Yu. Witte Moscow University, 12, 2nd Kozhukhovksy Per., Bldg. 1, Moscow, 115432, Russian Federation

    Andrey G. Kostianoy

  3. Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 84/32, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russia

    Andrey G. Kostianoy, Olga Yu. Lavrova & Alexey Ya. Strochkov

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  1. Andrey G. Kostianoy
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  2. Olga Yu. Lavrova
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  3. Alexey Ya. Strochkov
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Correspondence to Andrey G. Kostianoy .

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  1. Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Aversa (CE), Caserta, Italy

    Anna Di Mauro

  2. Institute of Information Science and Technologies (CNR-ISTI), National Research Council of Italy, Pisa, Italy

    Andrea Scozzari

  3. Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, NAPOLI, Napoli, Italy

    Francesco Soldovieri

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Kostianoy, A.G., Lavrova, O.Y., Strochkov, A.Y. (2022). Satellite Instrumentation and Technique for Monitoring of Seawater Quality. In: Di Mauro, A., Scozzari, A., Soldovieri, F. (eds) Instrumentation and Measurement Technologies for Water Cycle Management . Springer Water. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08262-7_5

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