Abstract
Tongue fissures are deep grooves on the dorsum of the tongue. They are relatively common with a prevalence ranging between 6.8% [1] and 11% [2].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Rabiei M, Mohtashame Amiri Z, Masoodi Rad H, Niazi M, Niazi H. frequency of tongue anomalies in primary school of Lahidjan. J Guil Univ Med Sci. 2003;12(45):36–42.
Chernoff R. Geriatric nutrition: the health professional’s handbook. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2006. p. 176.
Bakshi SS. Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017;5(2):471–2.
Weijerman ME, de Winter JP. Clinical practice. The care of children with Down syndrome. Eur J Pediatr. 2010;169(12):1445–52.
Mester J, Eng C. Cowden syndrome: recognizing and managing a not-so-rare hereditary cancer syndrome. J Surg Oncol. 2015;111(1):125–30.
Das UM, Gadicherla P. Lacerated tongue injury in children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2008;1(1):39–41.
Bringhurst C, Herr RD, Aldous JA. Oral trauma in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 1993;11(5):486–90.
Rajendran A, Sivapathasundharam B. Shafer’s textbook of oral pathology. 7th ed. Missouri: Elsevier; 2012. p. 31–2.
Nandini DB, Bhavana SB, Deepak BS, Ashwini R. Paediatric geographic tongue: a case report, review and recent updates. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(2):5–9.
Raychaudhuri SK, Maverakis E, Raychaudhuri SP. Diagnosis and classification of psoriasis. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13(4):490–5.
Greenberg MS, Glick M, Ship JA. Burket’s oral medicine. 11th ed. Hamilton: BC Decker; 2008. p. 103–4.
Rustin MH. Long-term safety of biologics in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: review of current data. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(3):3–11.
Collaborators GBD. 2015 disease and injury incidence and prevalence. Lancet. 2016;388(10053):1545–602.
CDC. Syphilis – CDC fact sheet (detailed). 2015.
Eccleston K, Collins L, Higgins SP. Primary syphilis. Int J STD AIDS. 2008;19(3):145–51.
Ratnam S. The laboratory diagnosis of syphilis. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2005;16(1):45–51.
Kent ME, Romanelli F. Reexamining syphilis: an update on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42(2):226–36.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Syphilis-CDC fact sheet. Atlanta: CDC; 2015.
CDC. Syphilis & MSM (men who have sex with men) - CDC fact sheet. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); 2014.
Fact sheet for health professionals – folate. National Institutes of Health. 2011.
Pommerville JC. Alcamo’s fundamentals of microbiology: body systems. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Publishers; 2009. p. 511.
Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 2014.
Biotin – fact sheet for health professionals. Office of dietary supplements. US National Institutes of Health. 2017.
Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 2015.
Biotin: MedlinePlus supplements. 2013.
The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Riboflavin. Drugs.com. Bethesda: The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2016.
US National Institutes of Health. Riboflavin: fact sheet for health professionals. Office of dietary supplements. Bethesda: US National Institutes of Health; 2018.
Brody T. Nutritional biochemistry. San Diego: Academic; 1999.
Sebrell WH, Butler RE. Riboflavin deficiency in man (ariboflavinosis). Public Health Rep. 1939;54(48):2121–31.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sakr, M.F. (2022). Tongue Fissures. In: Tongue Lesions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08198-9_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08198-9_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-08197-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-08198-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)