Abstract
In the early twenty-first century, the diversity of issues that arise in football, especially from feminist claims, has led to fruitful discussions. Moreover, football raises questions and provokes changes beyond the realm of sports, presenting society with the chance to make gains across the board. This chapter intends to conduct a discussion in which sport and gender studies are intertwined. Based on the experience of Brazilian women football players, we explore images of strength and will in sports practice. Women’s inclusion in the football universe was not necessarily brought on by conscientious feminist actions. Nevertheless, breakthroughs in this sport increase awareness of a historical condition in a sexist and patriarchal society. Desire, strength and determination are no longer just idealistic dreams but have materialised in the performance of female athletes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The Football Museum’s mission is to bring visitors closer to football Brazilian culture. It is a very sensory and emotional space with playful and multimedia resources. The public can get closer to the sport, understanding how it became a characteristic sport in Brazil. This museum is located in Pacaembu Stadium, in the city of São Paulo. It is the first museum dedicated only to football in the city, with permanent and temporary expositions, and a specialised library on football for researchers and public lectures. Inaugurated in 2008, it was only in 2015 that it began to integrate women’s football in its exhibitions.
- 2.
Decree-Law no. 3199 of 14 April 1941. Brazil. Retrieved from: https://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/fed/declei/1940-1949/decreto-lei-3199-14-abril-1941-413238-publicacaooriginal-1-pe.html. In 1965, Deliberation No. 7 of the National Sports Council specified the sports that corresponded to this decree setting the prohibition of any form of football for women, among other sports.
- 3.
O Cruzeiro was an illustrated weekly magazine published in Rio de Janeiro from 1928 to 1975 and sold throughout the country. It is considered the leading Brazilian illustrated magazine of the twentieth century. In the early 1950s, it was the periodical with the highest number of readers in Brazil, with around 370,000 copies per week. At the time of the publication mentioned above, the city of Rio de Janeiro was still the capital of Brazil (Brasil, 2015).
References
A Cigarra Magazine. (1926). Time de futebol feminino do Circo Irmãos Queirolo em 1926. Centro de Referência do Futebol Brasileiro. Football Museum. Public Archive of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. https://museudofutebol.org.br/crfb/acervo/616043/
Almeida, A. (2017). Evas do Gramado: a história da primavera atlético clube, o time de futebol feminino proibido no governo Vargas. Hanoi Editora.
Almeida, C. S. de, & Almeida, T. R. de. (2020). “Deve ou não deve o football invadir os domínios das saias?”: Histórias do futebol de mulheres no brasil. CSOnline Revista Eletrônica de Ciências Sociais, 31, 168–191. https://doi.org/10.34019/1981-2140.2020.30645
Andrade, V. (2019). Fenômeno, Copa do Mundo Feminina bate recordes de audiência pelo planeta. Jornal Notícias TV UOL. https://noticiasdatv.uol.com.br/noticia/televisao/de-globo-fox-copa-do-mundo-feminina-bate-recordes-de-audiencia-pelo-mundo-27877
Archer, A., & Prange, M. (2019). “Equal play, equal pay”: Moral grounds for equal pay in football. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 46(3), 416–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2019.1622125
Bachelard, G. (1964). The psychoanalysis of fire. Beacon Press.
Bachelard, G. (1999). Water and dreams. The Pegasus Foundation.
Barbaras, R. (2006). Desire and distance: Introduction to a phenomenology of perception. Stanford University Press.
Barbaras, R. (2008). Introduction à une phénoménologie de la vie. Vrin.
Bartholo, T. L., & Soares, A. J. G. (2009). Mané Garrincha as a symbol of the Brazilian national identity. Movimento, 15(1), 169–191. https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.2092
Bonfim, A. F. (2019). Football Feminino entre festas esportivas, circos e campos suburbanos: uma história social do futebol praticado por mulheres da introdução à proibição (1915–1941) (Master dissertation). Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. https://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace/handle/10438/28563
Boxill, J. (2006). Football and feminism. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 33(2), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2006.9714696
Brasil, B. (2015). O Cruzeiro. Biblioteca Nacional Digital. https://bndigital.bn.gov.br/artigos/o-cruzeiro/
Breiller, P. (2019). A Copa da Visibilidade para o Futebol Feminino. El País. São Paulo. https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2019/06/07/deportes/1559859959_673773.html
Burke, M. (2010). A feminist reconstruction of liberal rights and sport. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 37(1), 11–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2010.9714763
Campos, D. (2010). On the value and meaning of football: Recent philosophical perspectives in Latin America. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 37(1), 69–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2010.9714767
Carpentier, F. (2018). Alice Milliat: A feminist pioneer for women’s sport. In E. Bayle & P. Clastres (Eds.), Global sport leaders: A biographical analysis of international sport management (pp. 61–81). Palgrave Macmillan.
Coubertin, P. (1912). Les femmes aux Jeux Olympiques. Revue Olympique, 79, 109–111. https://library.olympics.com
Cruz, E. F., Machado, A. M., Almeida, H. B. de, Oliveira, A. F. P. L. D., Lima, E. F. de A., & Lago, C. (2018). Don’t stay silent: Network of female professors against gender violence at University of São Paulo (USP). Annual Review of Critical Psychology, 15, 223–245. http://www3.eca.usp.br/sites/default/files/form/biblioteca/acervo/producao-academica/002997738.pdf
Diário da Tarde. (1940). Mulheres jogavam futebol à noite, no fim da linha de Lourdes. Archive from Estado de Minas Newspaper. https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/superesportes/2019/03/22/interna_superesportes,1040041/em-1940-um-escandalo-no-meio-da-rua.shtml
Dimenstein, M., de Nascimento e Silva, G., Dantas, C., Macedo, J. P., Leite, J. F., & Alves Filho, A. (2020). Gênero na perspectiva decolonial: revisão integrativa no cenário latino-americano. Revista Estudos Feministas, 28(3), 1–14.
English, C. (2017). Toward sport reform: Hegemonic masculinity and reconceptualising competition. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 44(2), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2017.1300538
Franco, J. (1959). “Glamour” usa chuteira. Cruzeiro, 28 de fevereiro de 1959, pp. 124–129. http://memoria.bn.br/
Frankfurt, H. G. (1984). Necessity and desire. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 45(1), 1–13. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2107323
Franzini, F. (2005). Futebol é “coisa para macho”?: Pequeno esboço para uma história das mulheres no país do futebol. Revista Brasileira de História, 25(50), 315–328.
Freyre, G. Foot-ball mulato. (1938, June 17). Diário de Pernambuco, Recife, p. 4. https://comunicacaoeesporte.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/foot-ball-mulato-gilberto_freyre.pdf
Gadamer, H. G. (1989). Truth and method. Sheed & Ward.
Goellner, S. V. (2003). Bela, maternal e feminina. In Imagens da mulher na Revista Educação Physica. Unijuí.
Goellner, S. V. (2005). Mulheres e futebol no Brasil: entre sombras e visibilidades. Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte, 19(2), 143–151.
Goellner, S. V. (2021). Women and football in Brazil: Discontinuities, resistance, and resilience. Movimento, 27, e27001. https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.110157
Gortázar, N. G., & Pires, B. (2019). Marta, a rainha do futebol. El País. https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2019/06/04/eps/1559648295_962249.html
Grossi, M., Lago, M., & Nuernberg, A. (Org.). (2010). Estudos in(ter)disciplinados: gênero, feminismo, sexualidade. Editora Mulheres.
Guinness World Records. (2021). Marta Vieira da Silva. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/
Kessler, C. S., Costa, L., & Pisani, M. S. (2020). As mulheres no universo do futebol brasileiro. Editora UFSM.
Kessler, S. S. (2015). Mais que Barbies e Ogras: Uma Etnografia do Futebol de Mulheres no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos (Doctoral dissertation). Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. https://lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/131770
Kestelman, A. (2019). Formiga Formidável: a incrível história da brasileira que joga há mais de duas décadas pela Seleção. GE: Copa do Mundo Feminina. https://ge.globo.com/futebol/copa-do-mundo-feminina/noticia/formiga-formidavel-a-incrivel-historia-da-brasileira-que-joga-ha-mais-de-duas-decadas-pela-selecao.ghtml
Kittleson, R. (2014). The country of football: Soccer and the making of modern Brazil. University of California Press.
Knijnik, J. (2014). Gendered barriers to Brazilian female football: Twentieth-century legacies. In J. Hargreaves & E. Anderson (Eds.), Routledge handbook of sport, gender and sexuality (pp. 121–128). Routledge.
Knijnik, J. (2015). Femininities and masculinities in Brazilian women’s football: Resistance and compliance. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 16(3), 54–70.
Knijnik, J. D., & Vasconcellos, E. G. (2003). Sem impedimento: o coração aberto das mulheres que calçam chuteiras no Brasil. In J. R. Cozac (Ed.), Com a cabeça na ponta da chuteira: ensaios sobre a psicologia do esporte (pp. 2–18). Annablume/Ceppe.
Malaia, J. M. C. (2012). Torcer, torcedores, torcedoras, torcida (bras.): 1910–1950. In B. B. B. de Hollanda, J. M. C. Malaia, L. H. de Toledo, & V. A. de Melo (Eds.), A torcida brasileira (pp. 53–85). 7Letras.
Maranhão, T. F., & Knijnik, J. (2011). Futebol mulato: Racial constructs in Brazilian football. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 3(2), 18–34. https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/mcs/article/view/1790/2362
Martínková, I. (2020). Unisex sports: Challenging the binary. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 47(2), 248–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2020.1768861
Mendonça, R. (2019). Globo e Sportv terão mulheres comentando jogos da Copa do Mundo feminina. Blog Dibradoras. https://dibradoras.blogosfera.uol.com.br/2019/05/03/globo-e-sportv-terao-mulheres-comentando-jogos-da-copa-do-mundo-feminina/?cmpid=copiaecola
Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962). Phenomenology of perception. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Milliat, A. (2019). Éditoril de La Femme Sportive (first published in 1922). In B. Andrieu (Ed.), Éthique du sport: morale sportive, performance, agentivité (pp. 57–60). Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin.
Moraes, C. F. (2018). As Torcedoras Querem (Poder) Torcer (Master’s thesis). Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. https://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/30758
Moura, E. J. L. de. (2003). As relações entre lazer, futebol e gênero (Master’s thesis). The University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/bitstream/REPOSIP/274928/1/Moura_EribertoJoseLessade_M.pdf
Museu do Futebol. (2021). Jogadoras do Araquari Atlético Clube em 1959. https://museudofutebol.org.br/crfb/acervo/704027/
Nina, R. (2019). Sissi recebe homenagem fora do Brasil, mas é “esquecida” pela CBF… Dibradoras. https://dibradoras.blogosfera.uol.com.br/2019/12/06/sissi-recebe-homenagem-fora-do-brasil-mas-e-esquecida-pela-cbf/?cmpid=
Oliveira Rodrigues, L., & Parry Scott, R. (2013). Um passeio pelos Estudos de Gênero e a produção do conhecimento. Revista Estudos Feministas, 21(2), 737–740. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-026X2013000200025
Pancini, L. (2021). #MeuRival: mulheres denunciam machismo no futebol com a hashtag. Exame. https://exame.com/tecnologia/meurival-mulheres-denunciam-machismo-no-futebol-com-a-hashtag-veja-tuites/
Papel, L. (2019). Pioneiras relembram proibição do futebol feminino e mandam recado à Seleção na Copa. Globo Esporte. https://ge.globo.com/mg/triangulo-mineiro/futebol/noticia/pioneiras-relembram-proibicao-do-futebol-feminino-e-mandam-recado-a-selecao-na-copa.ghtml
Quiroa, A. (2019). Fútbol “femenino”: género y performatividad. In B. C. Pereyra (Ed.), Deporte y sociedad Encontrando el futuro de los estudios sociales y culturales sobre Deporte (pp. 139–157). Universidad de la República Uruguay.
Ramires, L. (2020). Mulheres jornalistas esportivas e mercado de trabalho: quem (não) as deixa trabalhar? R. Katál., 23(3), 501–509. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02592020v23n3p501
Rigo, L. C., Guidotti, F. G., Theil, L. Z., & Amaral, M. (2008). Notas acerca do futebol feminino pelotense em 1950: um estudo genealógico. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, 29(3), 173–188. http://revista.cbce.org.br/index.php/RBCE/article/view/217
Rocco Junior, A., & Saura, S. C. (2020). Núcleo de Direitos Humanos da EEFE-USP: implantação, desenvolvimento e diálogos interunidades. Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte, 34, 109–116. https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-5509202000034nesp109
Salvini, L., & Marchi, W. (2016). “Guerreiras de chuteiras” na luta pelo reconhecimento: relatos acerca do preconceito no futebol feminino brasileiro. Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte, 30(2), 303–311. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-55092016000200303
Saura, S. C. (2016). O cinema, o corpo e as imagens poéticas: esse projeto é de lazer. In S. S. Saura & A. C. Zimmermann (Eds.), Cinema e Corpo (pp.209–226). Editora Laços.
Suzana Cavalheiro. (2015). Museu da Pessoa. https://acervo.museudapessoa.org/pt/conteudo/historia/na-primeira-selecao-feminina-105837.
Weaving, C. (2020). Prenatal paranoia: An analysis of the bumpy landscape for the pregnant athlete. Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, 14(2), 176–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2019.1593233
Wertz, S. K. (2008). Deconstructing sport, in particular, football: A response to Boxill. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 35(1), 97–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2008.9714730
Wisnik, J. M. (2008). Veneno remédio: O futebol e o Brasil. Companhia das Letras.
Wood, D. (2018). The beautiful game? Hegemonic masculinity, women and football in Brazil and Argentina. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 37(5), 567–581. https://doi.org/10.1111/blar.12633
Wood, D. (2019). The history of football and literature in Brazil (1908–1938). Estudos Históricos, 32(68), 744–764. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2178-149420190003000010
Zimmermann, A., & Saura, S. C. (2020). Mujeres en el campo: fútbol, fenomenología y género. In C. R. Torres & D. G. Campos (Eds.), La Pelota no Dobla: ensayos filosóficos em torno al fútbol (pp. 346–372). Instituto Superior Tecnológico de Fútbol.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zimmermann, A.C., Saura, S.C. (2022). Women’s Football in Brazil: When History Meets Philosophy. In: Knijnik, J., Costa, A. (eds) Women’s Football in Latin America. New Femininities in Digital, Physical and Sporting Cultures. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07976-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07976-4_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-07975-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-07976-4
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)