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Interoperability: Current Considerations

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Healthcare Information Management Systems

Part of the book series: Health Informatics ((HI))

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Abstract

Interoperability enables electronic data access and exchange within and across healthcare applications and organizations. As emerging technologies, regulation, standards, and network evolution converge toward nationwide interoperability, there are barriers and challenges that must be addressed to reach that goal.

Interoperability is rich in acronyms. This abbreviations list provides a quick reference of those used in this chapter

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Notes

  1. 1.

    North American Treaty Organization. Interoperability: connecting Nato forces. 2020. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_84112.htm. Accessed 24 February 2021.

  2. 2.

    Commission on Systemic Interoperability. Ending the document game. Recommendations. https://endingthedocumentgame.gov/PDFs/Recommendations.pdf.

  3. 3.

    HL7. Coming to terms: scoping interoperability for health care. 2007. https://www.hln.com/assets/pdf/Coming-to-Terms-February-2007.pdf.

  4. 4.

    HIMSS. Interoperability in healthcare. https://www.himss.org/resources/interoperability-healthcare.

  5. 5.

    US Congress. 21st Century Cures Act. 2016. https://www.congress.gov/114/plaws/publ255/PLAW-114publ255.pdf.

  6. 6.

    HHS. Summary of the HIPAA privacy rule. https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/laws-regulations/index.html.

  7. 7.

    CMS. Are you a covered entity. https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Administrative-Simplification/HIPAA-ACA/AreYouaCoveredEntity.

  8. 8.

    HHS. Fact sheet: SAMHSA 42 CFR part 2 revised rule. https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2020/07/13/fact-sheet-samhsa-42-cfr-part-2-revised-rule.html.

  9. 9.

    Federal Register. 21st century cures act: interoperability, information blocking, and the ONC Health IT certification program. 2020. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-05-01/pdf/2020-07419.pdf.

  10. 10.

    Carequality. www.carequality.org.

  11. 11.

    Carequality. Query-based document exchange implementation guide. 2018. https://ceq-project.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/30162842/Implementation-Guide-v1.1-Effective-3-27-18.pdf.

  12. 12.

    FEI Systems. Consent2Share version 3 deployment guide. https://bhits.github.io/consent2share/downloads/3.5.0/C2S_Deployment_Guide_3.5.0.pdf, https://gforge.hl7.org/gf/project/cbcc/frs/?action=FrsReleaseBrowse&frs_package_id=303.

  13. 13.

    ONC. 2021 interoperability standards advisory. https://www.healthit.gov/isa/sites/isa/files/inline-files/2021-ISA-Reference-Edition.pdf.

  14. 14.

    ONC. LEAP 2019 – San Diego regional health information exchange. https://www.healthit.gov/techlab/ipg/node/4/submission/2591.

  15. 15.

    PP2PI. Protecting privacy to promote interoperability workgroup. https://www.drummondgroup.com/pp2pi.

  16. 16.

    Protecting Privacy to Promote Interoperability Workgroup: Whitepaper. https://www.drummondgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/pp2pi-white-paper-june-2021.pdf

  17. 17.

    HL7. Laboratory results interface, release 1 STU release 3 – US Realm. 2012. http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=279.

  18. 18.

    IHE. 360 exchange closed loop referral (360X), Rev. 1.1. https://ihe.net/uploadedFiles/Documents/PCC/IHE_PCC_Suppl_360X.pdf.

  19. 19.

    HL7. Bidirectional services eReferrals (BSeR) FHIR Implementation Guide, 2020-03-02. http://hl7.org/fhir/us/bser/history.html.

  20. 20.

    HL7. HL7 clinical document architecture, release 2.0, ANSI-approved HL7 standard, Section 1.1. Ann Arbor, MI, 2005. https://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=7.

  21. 21.

    ASTM International and the Massachusetts Medical Society, HIMSS, AAFP, AAP, AMA, AHCA, the Patient Safety Institute and the National Association for the Support of Long Term Care. Standard Specification for Continuity of Care Record (CCR) (Active standard). ASTM International. 2012.

  22. 22.

    IHE. IT infrastructure technical framework, Revision 17. https://www.ihe.net/resources/technical_frameworks/#IT.

  23. 23.

    HL7. HL7 FHIR, all releases. http://www.hl7.org/fhir/.

  24. 24.

    AHRQ. A robust health data infrastructure, 2013. https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/ptp13-700hhs_white.pdf.

  25. 25.

    ONC. Common clinical data set (CCDS). https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/topiclanding/2018-04/2015Ed_CCG_CCDS.pdf.

  26. 26.

    HL7 FHIR Accelerators. http://www.hl7.org/about/fhir-accelerator/index.cfm.

  27. 27.

    ONC. 21st Century Cures Act: interoperability, information blocking, and the ONC health IT certification program. 2020. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-05-01/pdf/2020-07419.pdf.

  28. 28.

    CMS. The HIPAA privacy rule. https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/index.html.

  29. 29.

    ONC. US Core Data for Interoperability (USCDI). https://www.healthit.gov/isa/united-states-core-data-interoperability-uscdi.

  30. 30.

    AHIMA. Fundamentals of the legal health record and designated record set. http://library.ahima.org/doc?oid=104008.

  31. 31.

    ONC. Information blocking exceptions. https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/cures/2020-03/InformationBlockingExceptions.pdf.

  32. 32.

    NHIN. https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/what-Is-the-nhin%2D%2D2.pdf.

  33. 33.

    eHealth Exchange. https://ehealthexchange.org/.

  34. 34.

    DirectTrust. https://directtrust.org/.

  35. 35.

    CommonWell Health Alliance. https://www.commonwellalliance.org/.

  36. 36.

    Carequality. https://carequality.org/.

  37. 37.

    The Sequoia Project. https://sequoiaproject.org/.

  38. 38.

    SHIEC. https://strategichie.com/.

  39. 39.

    CMS. Interoperability and patient access for medicare advantage organization and medicaid managed care plans, state medicaid agencies, CHIP agencies and CHIP managed care entities, issuers of qualified health plans on the federally facilitated exchanges, and health care providers. 2020. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-05-01/pdf/2020-05050.pdf.

  40. 40.

    DirectTrust. Event notifications via the direct standard. https://directtrust.org/standards/event-notifications-via-direct.

  41. 41.

    HL7. Public health case report, release 2—US Realm—the electronic initial case report. http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=436.

  42. 42.

    HL7. Reportability response, release 1, STU release 1.0 – US realm. http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=470.

  43. 43.

    Digital bridge. https://digitalbridge.us/.

  44. 44.

    European Union. General data protection regulation, 2016. https://gdpr-info.eu/

  45. 45.

    See HL7 post acute orders implementation guide (http://www.hl7.org/fhir/us/dme-orders/history.html), Da Vincie Prior-authorization implementation guides (coverage requirements discovery—http://hl7.org/fhir/us/davinci-crd/history.html; document template and rules—http://hl7.org/fhir/us/davinci-dtr/history.html; prior-authorization support—http://hl7.org/fhir/us/davinci-pas/history.html), HL7 Bidirectional Services eReferrals Implementation Guide (http://hl7.org/fhir/us/bser/history.html), and IHE 360× closed loop referral (https://ihe.net/uploadedFiles/Documents/PCC/IHE_PCC_Suppl_360X.pdf).

  46. 46.

    CDS Hooks. https://cds-hooks.org/.

  47. 47.

    Hooking. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooking.

  48. 48.

    SMART Health IT. https://smarthealthit.org/.

  49. 49.

    https://www.cms.gov/files/document/121020-reducing-provider-and-patient-burden-cms-9123-p.pdf.

  50. 50.

    Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement, Draft 2. 2020. https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/page/2019-04/FINALTEFCAQTF41719508version.pdf.

  51. 51.

    https://carequality.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Carequality-FHIR-Implementation-Guide.pdf.

  52. 52.

    https://rce.sequoiaproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/QTF-V1-Draft.pdf.

  53. 53.

    https://www.commonwellalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Carequality_CommonWell_Improve_C-CDA_06-15-2018_V1.pdf.

  54. 54.

    https://www.carinalliance.com/our-work/trust-framework-and-code-of-conduct/.

  55. 55.

    https://www.ehnac.org/tdraap/.

  56. 56.

    See also earlier references to Carequality’s FHIR implementation guide.

  57. 57.

    https://www.qualityforum.org/Publications/2017/09/Interoperability_2016-2017_Final_Report.aspx.

  58. 58.

    Sample success stories: https://www.ehra.org/sites/ehra.org/files/docs/Value%20of%20Interoperability%20Success%20Stories%20-%20Updated%20August%202017.pdf.

Abbreviations

AHIMA:

American Health Information Management Association

AHRQ:

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

AIMS:

APHL Informatics Messaging Services

APHL:

Association of Public Health Laboratories

API:

Application Programming Interface

ASC:

Accredited Standards Committee

CA:

Common Agreement

CCD:

Continuity of Care Document

C-CDA:

Consolidated CDA

CCDS:

Common Clinical Data Set

CCR:

Continuity of Care Record

CDA:

Clinical Document Architecture

CDC:

Centers for Disease Control

CDS:

Clinical Decision Support

CMS:

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

DME:

Durable Medical Equipment

DRS:

Designated Record Set

eCR:

Electronic Case Reporting

EHI:

Electronic Health Information

eICR:

Electronic Initial Case Report

FAST:

FHIR at Scale Taskforce

FHIR:

Fast Health Information Resources

EHNAC:

Electronic Healthcare Network Accreditation Commission

EHR:

Electronic Health Record

GDPR:

General Data Protection Regulation

HIE:

Health Information Exchange

HIMSS:

Healthcare Information Management Systems Society

HIN:

Health Information Networks

HISP:

Health Information Service Provider

HL7:

Health Level 7—A standards development organization

IHE:

Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise

LEAP:

Leading Edge Acceleration Project

LRI:

Laboratory Results Interface

NATO:

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NCPDP:

National Council for Prescription Drug Programs

NHIN:

Nationwide Health Information Network

NPPES:

National Plan and Provider Enumeration System

NQF:

National Quality Forum

NwHIN:

Nationwide Health Information Network

ONC:

Office of the National Coordinator

PULSE:

Patient Unified Lookup System for Emergencies

QHIN:

Qualified Health Information Network

QTF:

QHIN Technical Framework

RCE:

Recognized Coordination Entity

SAMHSA:

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

SDO:

Standards Development Organization

SHIEC:

Strategic Health Information Exchange Collaborative

SVAP:

Standards Version Advancement Process

TEF:

Trusted Exchange Framework

TEFCA:

Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement

TDRAAP:

Trusted Dynamic Registration and Authentication Accreditation Program

USCDI:

US Core Data for Interoperability

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chester Springs, PA, USA

    Hans J. Buitendijk

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  1. Hans J. Buitendijk
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Joan M. Kiel

  2. The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    George R. Kim

  3. The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA

    Marion J. Ball

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Buitendijk, H.J. (2022). Interoperability: Current Considerations. In: Kiel, J.M., Kim, G.R., Ball, M.J. (eds) Healthcare Information Management Systems. Health Informatics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07912-2_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07912-2_7

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