Abstract
The text discusses the concept of hybrid intelligence, which is a form of collaboration between machines and humans. It describes how this concept can be used in manufacturing to help improve productivity. The text also discusses how this concept can be used to help humans learn from machines. There is a debate in the intelligence community about the role of humans vs. machines. Machine intelligence can do some things better than humans, such as processing large amounts of data, but is not good at tasks that require common sense or empathy. Augmented intelligence emphasizes the assistive role of machine intelligence, while hybrid intelligence posits that humans and machines are part of a common loop, where they adapt to and collaborate with each other. The text discusses the implications of increasing machine involvement in organizational decision-making, specifically mentioning two challenges: negative effects on human behavior and flaws in machine decision-making. It argues that, in order for machine intelligence to improve decision-making processes, humans and machines must collaborate. The chapter argues that hybrid intelligence is the most likely scenario for decision-making in the future factory. The chapter discusses the advantages of this approach and how it can be used to improve quality control in a production system. The transformer-based language model called GPT-3 can be used to generate summaries of text. This task is difficult for machines because they have to understand sentiment and meaning in textual data. The model is also a “few-shot learner,” which means that it is able to generate a text based on a limited amount of examples. Transformer-based language models are beneficial because they are able to take the context of the processed words into consideration. This allows for a more nuanced understanding of related words and concepts within a given text.
[Abstract generated by machine intelligence with GPT-3. No human intelligence applied.]
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Notes
- 1.
Zheng et al. (2017) also describe a second concept of human and machine collaboration: “cognitive computing-based hybrid-augmented intelligence.” While out of the scope of this chapter, it is worth mentioning. Cognitive computing-based hybrid-augmented intelligence refers to a machine that “mimics the function of the human brain and improves computer’s capabilities of perception, reasoning, and decision-making. In that sense, [it] is a new framework of computing with the goal of more accurate models of how the human brain/mind senses, reasons, and responds to stimulus, especially how to build causal models, intuitive reasoning models, and associative memories in an intelligent system” (Zheng et al., 2017: 154).
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Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC-2023 Internet of Production—390621612.
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Piller, F.T., Nitsch, V., van der Aalst, W. (2022). Hybrid Intelligence in Next Generation Manufacturing: An Outlook on New Forms of Collaboration Between Human and Algorithmic Decision-Makers in the Factory of the Future. In: Piller, F.T., Nitsch, V., Lüttgens, D., Mertens, A., Pütz, S., Van Dyck, M. (eds) Forecasting Next Generation Manufacturing. Contributions to Management Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07734-0_10
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